The Fuk Ching are active in New York City, and are regarded as one of the most powerful, and also transnationally active, Chinese organized crime groups in the U.S. (Chin, 1996). They are estimated to have approximately 35 members, with another 20 members currently in prison. Other major gangs in New York City include the Ghost Shadows, Flying ...Stockton is known for its dangerous gang wars and violence. When you hear that someone is from Stockton you know they are tough as f***. Stockton is home to a lot of immigrants, either from south of the border as well as over seas. For this reason it is home to a lot of different nationalities. Just like San Francisco Gangs there is a lot of ...Ping On. The Ping On ( Chinese: 平安; Jyutping: ping4 on1; lit. 'peaceful', 'at ease') was a Boston -based criminal organization. The organization rose to power in the 1970s and continued to operate throughout the 1980s, 1990s and early 2000s. [3] The Ping On was founded by Stephen "Sky Dragon" Tse who had heavy ties to the infamous 14K Triad ... The asian restaurants and stores have to pay money for protection. They also fight each other for territory just like the black or latino gangs. They totally control the meth or Fentanyl produced in China. The viet also grow weed indoor in huge warehouses. They're competing with mexican cartels with the other drugs.There are also Asian gangs, mainly in the northeastern part of Atlanta, as well as individuals linked with the Russian Mafia. Territories The well-known gangs are mainly concentrated in the West, Southwest, Southeast, and East Atlanta such as "The Robbing Crew " from Decatur and the "FENNOKES" from College Park with many gangs with turf …Known as "mainland Chinese criminal organizations", they are of two major types: "dark forces" (loosely-organized groups) ( 黑恶势力; Hēi è shìlì) and "Black Societies" ( 黑社会; Hēishèhuì) (more mature criminal organizations). On a warm September night, a gunman walked into a West Side restaurant, greeted the manager, and shot him three times. Hours after the murder, Chicago cops were still trying to figure out if the ...Source: Gangs in Minnesota – Minnesota’s Street Gangs. Police Contact With Gangs in Select Counties During 2009: Read More. Hennepin County = 3500-9999. Ramsey County = 2500-3499. Anoka County = 2500-3499. Dakota County = 2500-3499. Stearns County = 2500-3499. Source: US Dept of Justice. “Some 32 active gangs with about 2,650 members were ... Criminal gangs are found throughout Mainland China but are most active in Chongqing, Shanghai, Macau, Tianjin, Shenyang, and Guangzhou as well as in Hong Kong, …They also work with local gangs, funneling Japanese tourists to gambling parlors and brothels. In California, the yakuza have made alliances with local Korean gangs as well as Chinese triads and Vietnamese gangs. The yakuza identified these gangs as useful partners due to the constant stream of Vietnamese cafe shoot-outs and home invasion ...Findings indicated that Asian gangs first emerged when a large number of Chinese immigrant youths who arrived in San Francisco in the late 1960's were forced into self-reliance by the city's failure to recognize the needs of its newcomers. The integration of Asian gangs into the criminal subculture in the Chinese community, the lack of ... Gang types Southeast Asian and Chinese gangs. In the late 1980s, the Vietnamese gang 5T was active in the Cabramatta area of Sydney and were believed to be involved in the murder of John Newman, the Member for Cabramatta in the NSW State Parliament. Newman had been the target of numerous death threats from Asian gangs but did not seek police ... Of the 264, 222 were Asian, hence the figure of 84% of grooming gang offenders being Asian. Just 18 were white. Critics have pointed out, however, that even a casual media search produces far more ...Year of the Dragon, Michael Cimino’s story of a Vietnam vet-turned-cop (Mickey Rourke) fighting Chinese gangs in New York, certainly makes the most of its location, but proved controversial for its depiction of the Asian community, resulting in a disclaimer that runs over the opening credits. Pi (1998)May 6, 2018 · On a warm September night, a gunman walked into a West Side restaurant, greeted the manager, and shot him three times. Hours after the murder, Chicago cops were still trying to figure out if the ... The Rochdale child sex abuse ring involved underage teenage girls in Rochdale, Greater Manchester, England.Nine men were convicted of sex trafficking and other offences including rape, trafficking girls for sex and conspiracy to engage in sexual activity with a child in May 2012. This resulted in Greater Manchester Police launching Operation Doublet to …Are you looking for a unique and exciting vacation experience? Asia is home to some of the world’s most beautiful and culturally rich destinations, making it an ideal spot for your...Mar 29, 2012 · 08 – Wah Ching. Wah Ching. They are Chinese gang and also known as ‘’Dub C’’ which is founded in San Francisco during the early 1960s. Wah Ching is composed mainly of young men. Most of their operations are focused around money laundering and financial crimes in Los Angeles and eastern Asia. Map of Boston Gangs & Hood Areas. Boston’s past, as the infamous “Bloody Bean” where Boston gangs were rampant, has now become history. The streets within the Boston ghetto and urban areas are now some of the most gentrified in the country, with many neighborhoods undergoing gradual changes. ... Westies gang in Hyde Park near Ross …A new profile of Asian gangs and their activities is presented, and consideration is paid to new Asian ethnic groups and to new grouping trends in the ethnic classification of Asian gangs. The author indicates Asian crimes are committed by Asian criminals from different Asian criminal groups. He discusses Asian crime categories, specifically ... Feb 12, 2024 · Asian Gangs in Carson, California. Carson is a city in LA County about 13 miles south of downtown Los Angeles. Carson is the youngest municipality within the South Bay region. The city has a total area of 19 sq miles. It is surrounded by Compton, Long Beach, and Wilmington. Carson is the site of California State University, Dominguez Hills (CSUDH). According to a statement issued Tuesday, an international task force led by Britain’s National Crime Agency, representing 11 different countries’ law enforcement …The U.S. government has sanctioned two key members of LockBit, the Russian-speaking hacking and extortion gang accused of launching ransomware attacks …Sep 20, 2019 · A little-known, Asian-run gang in Northern Virginia flooded the Washington, D.C., suburbs with drugs and recruited teenagers to sell them to avoid detection, prosecutors say. Nearly two dozen ... Feb 13, 2024 · Asian Gangs in Long Beach, California. Long Beach is the fifth largest city within California, located on 65.9 sq miles of property along the southern coast of Los Angeles County. It is about 20 miles south of downtown Los Angeles. The port of Long Beach is one of the world’s largest shipping ports. The city also has a large oil industry ... The characteristics of Asian crime in Chicago apparently involve more mature criminal organizations that hire Asian street gangs as soldiers for security and other services. The more experienced criminal organizations prefer to keep a low profile to facilitate the smooth transit of heroin. This low profile is, in part, achieved and maintained ... Asian Gangs. Asian-American street gangs. Latest stories. 3 Shares. Asian Street Walkers. 5 Shares 28 Comments. Tiny Oriental Crips (San Diego) 4 Shares 32 Comments. Exotic Family City Crips. 2 Shares 7 Comments. Asian-American Gangs. 3 Shares 71 Comments. Asian Boyz Crips. 3 Shares 3 Comments. Black Dragons Gang. 4 Shares 3 …Sep 4, 2023 ... Police Commissioner, David Manning says that Asian gangs have infiltrated criminal gangs in PNG leading to the spread of illicit drugs ...Gangs which deal in drugs sometimes discourage other crimes in to protect their business. In recent years gang rape has been banned in many gangs, although individual members still sometimes commit rape. In the 1980s police discovered New Zealand links to Asian crime networks and Chinese triads based in Hong Kong, Macau and mainland China.Back in the 80s and 90s Asian gangs ran the rackets in China Town with a lot of organization. A couple of asian gangs that come to mind were the Wah Ching, and the Black Dragon Gang. The 2 gangs held a monopoly at one point in gang history, but have slowly started to fade away as time passed. Lets take a look at this once feared gang, …6 days ago · The total population of Torrance is 140,625 people. 17% of residents are Hispanic, 51.3% of residents are White, 31.4% are Asian, and 2.2% are Black or African American. 30.6% of residents are foreign born, and 39.6% speak a language other than English in the home. 42.3% of residents have a bachelor’s degree or higher, and 91.9% of residents ... Street Gangs 101. Asian Gangs. Asian Gangs; Born To Kill BTK Gang; The Chinese Mob: The Flying Dragons; China Town is Spooked by the Ghost Shadows; Bloods. Bloods; Crips. Crips; Yakuza 101. History of the Yamaguchi-Gumi; Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs 101. The Hells Angels, the Original Outlaws; Greaser Gangs. Tough As Nails Thorndale Jagoffs; …It is not known for sure why members of the organized Chinese gangs operating in Manchuria and Russia’s Primorye region in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries were called the ...Street Gangs 101. Asian Gangs. Asian Gangs; Born To Kill BTK Gang; The Chinese Mob: The Flying Dragons; China Town is Spooked by the Ghost Shadows; Bloods. Bloods; Crips. Crips; Yakuza 101. History of the Yamaguchi-Gumi; Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs 101. The Hells Angels, the Original Outlaws; Greaser Gangs. Tough As Nails Thorndale Jagoffs; …Like many other communities, the older Chinatowns face certain social problems. Although Chinatowns are now generally viewed and valued as tourist attraction...gang members often pose for photos whole holding prized gang weapons and ... Asian Gangs l.verY secretive as I grouP. 2. sometimes aligns with the Folk ...DISCORD SERVER LINKhttps://discord.gg/KKpTKtvDy8This rivarly changed the way authorities looked at asian gangs forever.In this video were going to be taking ...There are important reasons to advance our understanding of Asian gangs and fill in the empirical gap that exists (Davidson, 1996; Jang, 2002; Joe, 1994a; Joe, 1993; Shelden, Tracy, & Brown, 2013). This study will to contribute to the literature on Asian gangs by employing a qualitative approach due to the lack of Asian gang research. Feb 19, 2008 ... Probably the most active Asian gang in Tacoma I would have to say is OLBz or some of the Samoan gangs. Guest Avatar. evilman. Feb 19, 2008 at 10 ...Stockton is known for its dangerous gang wars and violence. When you hear that someone is from Stockton you know they are tough as f***. Stockton is home to a lot of immigrants, either from south of the border as well as over seas. For this reason it is home to a lot of different nationalities. Just like San Francisco Gangs there is a lot of ...Intended to fight crime, Latin American prisons have instead become safe havens and recruitment centers for gangs, fueling a surge in violence. Gang members at …Kan Phongjaroenwit/Flickr Three members of the Yakuza show off their full-body tattoos in Tokyo. 2016. The Yakuza were, and remain today, something else altogether – a complex group of syndicates and the country’s most powerful and misunderstood criminal gangs. And they are inexorably tied to 400 years of Japanese and Yakuza history.Gangs threatened the owners of tiny businesses like Ms. Garacoia, who said she shut down the shop she ran for years after getting a call demanding payment of …Riverside Royals Crew; The 1%ers Syndicate/Cartel, in Winnipeg (multicultural, Indo-Caribbean, Caucasian, Asian, black, native) EOA (East of Adelaide) – A conglomerate of …Jun 8, 2010 ... Asian American Gangs: Chinese American Gangs, Born to Kill, Wah ... They are considered to be the most notorious and violent Asian gang known ...Asian gangs have been a fixture in Glasgow since the early 60's. The first Asian gang is thought to have originated in the Gorbals when many men defended the community from racists. As the community got larger and moved to different parts of the city gangs began to operate from Pollokshields, Govanhill, Woodlands and Paisley Road …Asian Gangs. Asian-American street gangs. Latest stories. 3 Shares. Asian Street Walkers. 5 Shares 28 Comments. Tiny Oriental Crips (San Diego) 4 Shares 32 Comments ... Although there is no formal origin to the idiom “Smile Now, Cry Later,” most people accept that it was derived from the Ancient Greek theatre masks of comedy and tragedy. As of 201...Mike Moy says he was a gang member in New York City's Chinatown. He was recruited at his school's gates and then got involved in a gang in the 1970s. Moy cla...5.11 There are many media reports of 'Asian gangs' in Sydney engaging in violent robberies including 'home invasions', note#89 and in extortion from small businesses, in addition to drug trafficking. The ABCI's 1993 assessment said that one of the gangs, the 5T, 'engages in extortion and armed robbery, and is involved in gambling and prostitution'.Blood, Honor, Fear. These words are law for the 10 Most Dangerous Asian Gangs. With roots that delve deep into the continent's rich history, these organizati...Gang types Southeast Asian and Chinese gangs. In the late 1980s, the Vietnamese gang 5T was active in the Cabramatta area of Sydney and were believed to be involved in the murder of John Newman, the Member for Cabramatta in the NSW State Parliament. Newman had been the target of numerous death threats from Asian gangs but did not seek police ... Lmao asian gangs was majority of times created because they were targeted by latinos or black, not whites 🤣. Cuz the white man started the shit and removed themselves from the equation. They was Irish or whatever gangs n fuckin with everybody. It started in the cowboy days then progressed to greaser gangs and organized mobs.scholarship on Asian gangs, Chinese and Vietnamese gangs have received the most attention, neglecting other Asian ethnic groups (e.g. Hmong and Cambodians). …The volume of commentary on ‘Asian grooming gangs’ makes the political correctness suppression argument hard to maintain. Instead, in a desperate attempt to not seem out of touch, media pundits and politicians seem to be falling over themselves to highlight issues of ethnicity and culture in CSE cases – essentially framing the debate on ...Gangs have played a significant role in shaping crime in Detroit. The city has been plagued by various street gangs involved in drug trafficking, gang violence, and other criminal activities. Gang-related crime has contributed to the overall crime rates in Detroit, and gang violence has been a major concern for law enforcement and community ...Feb 13, 2024 · Asian Gangs in Long Beach, California. Long Beach is the fifth largest city within California, located on 65.9 sq miles of property along the southern coast of Los Angeles County. It is about 20 miles south of downtown Los Angeles. The port of Long Beach is one of the world’s largest shipping ports. The city also has a large oil industry ... Like many other communities, the older Chinatowns face certain social problems. Although Chinatowns are now generally viewed and valued as tourist attraction...Serbian mafia. Soldiers of Odin – An anti-immigrant group with 8 chapters in Canada. Solntsevskaya Bratva. Black Shirts Gang (BSG)– London, Ontario based Neo-Nazi group [2] The Base – International Neo-Nazi white supremacist group. The Loyal White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan – A branch of the KKK operating in Canada. Stuff like this happens every day with white, black and Asian gangs. Its not because of race its because of the fact they're in a gang, blame that if not I can ...Asian Gangs in West Covina, California. West Covina is a middle class city suburb of Los Angeles County, located 20 miles east of Downtown LA in the eastern San Gabriel Valley area. The city occupies a total area of 16.1 sq. miles of land. West Covina was incorporated as an independent city in 1923 to prevent the city of Covina …Map of Boston Gangs & Hood Areas. Boston’s past, as the infamous “Bloody Bean” where Boston gangs were rampant, has now become history. The streets within the Boston ghetto and urban areas are now some of the most gentrified in the country, with many neighborhoods undergoing gradual changes. ... Westies gang in Hyde Park near Ross …6 days ago · The total population of Torrance is 140,625 people. 17% of residents are Hispanic, 51.3% of residents are White, 31.4% are Asian, and 2.2% are Black or African American. 30.6% of residents are foreign born, and 39.6% speak a language other than English in the home. 42.3% of residents have a bachelor’s degree or higher, and 91.9% of residents ... Feb. 11, 2024 9:00 am ET. El Salvador President Nayib Bukele ’s uncompromising approach to rooting out criminal gangs is beginning to be adopted elsewhere in Latin America, with …Before proposing a typology for Asian gangs, it is necessary to summarize the core features of delinquent gangs. Otherwise, as Knox (2000: p 7) indicates, many deviant groups (such as balloon fetishists, fans of pony-play, and fat admirers) would be regarded as gangs—a situation that will make “gang” a too far-reaching concept to study. ...The Asian gangs b around for a few decades, they control a lot of the guns and drugs trafficking in Philly, the Asian are a well organized group they won’t kill each other cuz they gotta get permission to kill each other frm the elders cuz if 1 gang kill a opp without permission then the whole gang get wiped out by the elders unless the gang surrender …The Wah Ching Gang are a Chinese American Triad secret society and street gang additionally referred to as “Dub C” originating in San Francisco throughout the early 1960s.At the time, Wah Ching was arranged into one massive gang.The Wah Ching Gang regulated majority of the illegal activity throughout the San Francisco and Los Angeles Asian …Menace of Destruction ( MOD ), formerly known as Masters of Destruction, [1] [14] is a Hmong street gang created in 1988. Today, it is active in California, Midwestern United States and many places with large Hmong communities. It is known for murders, fights, shootings, and weapon and drug trafficking (mostly marijuana and methamphetamine ). [1] Oakland Gangs are a huge reason for this rise in crimes as well as the growing drug trade in the city. Oakland is the largest city in Alameda County, it is a major West Coast port. With a population of almost 500,000 people it is the Bay Areas trading hub and center of its economy. The Port of Oakland is the busiest port in Northern California.Gangs arose further in the United States by the middle of the nineteenth century and were a concern for city leaders from the time they appeared. ... Russian Bratva, and Chinese triads, have existed for centuries. Types. A Mara Salvatrucha gang member with a tattoo showing his gang membership. Gangs, syndicates, and other criminal groups, come ...The criminal activities of Asian organized crime syndicates are not limited to Asia itself but are carried out in countries all over the world. At INTERPOL, we run a project known as AOC (Asian Organized Crime) that works to combat these complex and pervasive crime networks. Major activities of these criminal gangs include: illegal gambling ...Year of the Dragon, Michael Cimino’s story of a Vietnam vet-turned-cop (Mickey Rourke) fighting Chinese gangs in New York, certainly makes the most of its location, but proved controversial for its depiction of the Asian community, resulting in a disclaimer that runs over the opening credits. Pi (1998)The majority of gangs in this area are actually 1st & 2nd generation immigrants. There are a lot of Asian gangs, East African gangs, and Latino gangs in the area. And, as you can imagine, because their interactions are generally not being held in English, they tend to fly under the radar for most folks. Many Asian massage parlors are tax fronts ... A previous piece of research from 2015 found that of 1,231 perpetrators of "group and gang-based child sexual exploitation", 42% were white, 14% were defined as Asian or Asian British and 17% ...There are some indications that Asian gang problems have gained a little attention from different levels of government and within Asian communities. Based on the information presented, the author concludes that although Asian gangs have not become a menace to the larger society, the potential for this to happen exists. 22 references The Asian Boyz, also known as ABZ, AB-26, or ABZ Crips, [12] are a street gang based in Southern California. They were founded in the late 1980s to protect [13] [14] Cambodian refugees from other American gangs. [15] [16] According to the FBI, the gang has about 12,000 members, who are predominantly Southeast Asian and especially Cambodian. [12] Source: Gangs in Minnesota – Minnesota’s Street Gangs. Police Contact With Gangs in Select Counties During 2009: Read More. Hennepin County = 3500-9999. Ramsey County = 2500-3499. Anoka County = 2500-3499. Dakota County = 2500-3499. Stearns County = 2500-3499. Source: US Dept of Justice. “Some 32 active gangs with about 2,650 members were ... The use of ‘Asian’ to describe members of grooming gangs obscures the very specific ethnic dynamics at play in this form of abuse. While grooming-gang victims have tended to be white British ...Today Cabramatta is a vibrant cultural hub but 20 years ago up to 40 rival crime gangs wanted control of Sydney’s drug trade and they weren’t afraid to kill ...DISCORD SERVER LINKhttps://discord.gg/KKpTKtvDy8This rivarly changed the way authorities looked at asian gangs forever.In this video were going to be taking ...The Asian/American gangs, traditionally restricted toward territories with enormous Asian residents, are spreading out across neighborhoods all over the country. Although usually thought about street gangs, Asian gangs function much like Asian Criminal Enterprises having a more organized organization as well as chain of command. They are not really turf-oriented The U.S. government has sanctioned two key members of LockBit, the Russian-speaking hacking and extortion gang accused of launching ransomware attacks …Pages in category "Chinese gangs". The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. This list may not reflect recent changes . List of Chinese criminal organizations.Main page; Contents; Current events; Random article; About Wikipedia; Contact us; Donate; Help; Learn to edit; Community portal; Recent changes; Upload fileThis article on Asian gang problems in the United States and social policy solutions considers the origins of Asian organized crime groups, their methods of operations, factors that contribute to these gangs, difficulties in dealing with Asian gangs, intervention strategies, and signs of change. Abstract. Asian crime groups are discussed according …Aug 15, 1993 · Authorities estimate more than 100 Asian gangs with more than 10,000 members operate in Los Angeles County alone. Pitted against this are small two- and four-person Asian gang task forces in the ... Oct 24, 2014 · Paul Wong (Harry Shum, Jr.) leads the Green Dragons, a young, Asian-American gang that trafficked Chinese immigrants into the U.S. with help from the so-called "Snakehead Mama" (Eugenia Yuan). There are some indications that Asian gang problems have gained a little attention from different levels of government and within Asian communities. Based on the information presented, the author concludes that although Asian gangs have not become a menace to the larger society, the potential for this to happen exists. 22 references tong war, any of several feuds carried on in U.S. cities ( e.g., San Francisco and Los Angeles) between gang s of Chinese immigrants or their descendants. These gang wars spanned a 70-year period beginning in the 1850s and continuing until the 1920s. The term tong, meaning a hall, or meeting place, came to be used by the white population in the ...
Asian gangs were active in places you wouldn’t think of as active today. Drive-by shooting at cars on the freeway, at pool halls, Asian coffee shops, and houses were common in the ‘90s. In the ‘90s there were more Chinese gangs in San Gabriel Valley extorting businesses, running illegal brothels & human trafficking rings.. Lululemon mini backpack
Serbian mafia. Soldiers of Odin – An anti-immigrant group with 8 chapters in Canada. Solntsevskaya Bratva. Black Shirts Gang (BSG)– London, Ontario based Neo-Nazi group [2] The Base – International Neo-Nazi white supremacist group. The Loyal White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan – A branch of the KKK operating in Canada. Feb 19, 2008 ... Probably the most active Asian gang in Tacoma I would have to say is OLBz or some of the Samoan gangs. Guest Avatar. evilman. Feb 19, 2008 at 10 ...10 Most Dangerous Asian Gangs Mafia Side 114K subscribers Subscribe Subscribed 0 1 2 3 4 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8.1K views 3 weeks ago …Two gangs of Indian youth have links with major crime syndicates. It began last January as a routine low-level police probe into street-fights between two Asian gangs in Southall, London's largest Indian settlement. Five months into the investigation, Scotland Yard sleuths realised that beneath many street-scuffles, were the dangerous tentacles ...Two gangs of Indian youth have links with major crime syndicates. It began last January as a routine low-level police probe into street-fights between two Asian gangs in Southall, London's largest Indian settlement. Five months into the investigation, Scotland Yard sleuths realised that beneath many street-scuffles, were the dangerous tentacles ...A victim of a Rochdale grooming gang has said she was raped more than 100 times from the age of 12 and felt "let down" by police. Ruby also told BBC Newsnight …A-Town Boyz, a new documentary currently in post-production, features the journeys of young Asian Americans in Atlanta, Georgia, whose struggles for acceptance and legitimacy have led them down ...Shocking footage of white and Asian gangs brawling in London's Brick Lane shows ruthless thug smash road sign over rival's head. Video recorded from a nearby property shows brutal gang battle on ...Scout Royal Brotherhood. Tiny Raskal Gang 7126 (blue and Gray rag) Asian Boyz 1226. North Side Asian Boyz. Ken Side Wah Ching. • TRG Tiny Rascal Gang 7126. • ABZ Asian Boyz 1226. • LB Laos Blood.There are also Asian gangs, mainly in the northeastern part of Atlanta, as well as individuals linked with the Russian Mafia. Territories The well-known gangs are mainly concentrated in the West, Southwest, Southeast, and East Atlanta such as "The Robbing Crew " from Decatur and the "FENNOKES" from College Park with many gangs with turf …Gangs are related to poverty, almost all violence and crime is. The first Asian immigrants in America lived in black neighborhoods and were poor as hell, that's how Asian gangs originated. Nowadays there are very few Asians living in those conditions so Asian gangs and crime has pretty much vanished.May 28, 1993 ... " Until the schools learn to control and prevent gang activity, Asian gang ... gangs also has reduced fear of the gangs among members of the Asian ...The two gangs were formed by Asian youth tired of being picked on by non- Asians, teens and community activists say. The gangs provided the confused kids with a sense of belonging. Membership was ...There are some indications that Asian gang problems have gained a little attention from different levels of government and within Asian communities. Based on the information presented, the author concludes that although Asian gangs have not become a menace to the larger society, the potential for this to happen exists. 22 references .