Seamless rate adaptation - For the support of seamless rate adaptation with retransmission, an additional OLR request (Type 5) is defined. This OLR request shall replace the OLR request Type 0216 and the OLR request type 0316 of Table 9-7 of ITU-T G.992.3. The format of the OLR Type 5 command transmitted by the initiating receiver is described in Table A.15.

 
 · Seamless Rate Adaptation (SRA) on Draytek 2760. Archive View Return to standard view. from September 2018; to July 2023; last updated – posted 2023-Jul-31, 7:19 pm AEST posted 2023-Jul-31, 7:19 pm AEST User #17264 5398 posts. Pepito. Whirlpool Forums Addict reference: whrl .... Artemis parents

The adaptive methods developed in [13][14][15] exploited this flexibility by using Bayesian tools to select the treatment(s) [13,14] or subpopulation(s) [15] to test in stage 2 of a seamless phase ...Our proposed stochastic bottleneck framework enables seamless rate adaptation with high reconstruction performance, without requiring predetermined latent dimensionality at training. We experimentally demonstrate that the proposed RL-AEs can achieve variable dimensionality reduction while retaining nearly optimal distortion compared to …EP1555773B1 - Fast initialization using seamless rate adaption - Google Patents ...May 24, 2021 · Netgear D6400 Seamless Rate Adaptation (SRA) 2021-05-24 02:07 AM. I am currently on NBN FTTN had no problems up until recently, we have had a technician over to our house to check the lines and he said everything was fine. My ISP has reccomended we change Seamless Rate Adaptation from Automatic to Dynamic, i cant …US6654410B2 US10/046,192 US4619202A US6654410B2 US 6654410 B2 US6654410 B2 US 6654410B2 US 4619202 A US4619202 A US 4619202A US 6654410 B2 US6654410 B2 US 6654410B2 Authority US U Oct 1, 2014 · Seamless rate adaptation (SRA) is one of the promising rate adaptive schemes for wireless communication system. However, the high complexity of decoding hinders its application. We propose an ...Seamless rate adaptation (SRA) is one of the promising rate adaptive schemes for wireless communication system. However, the high complexity of decoding hinders its application.In today’s fast-paced world, having a reliable internet connection is essential. Whether you’re at home, in the office, or on the go, a wireless WiFi USB adapter driver can provide...Sep 1, 2020 · Hi there, I've been using openwrt 18.06.2 on my netgear dm200 with great success for some time now on a VDSL2 connection to the NBN here in Australia (FTTN). My service provider requested that I enable SRA (seamless rate adaptation according to them) for the purposes of debugging some recent dropouts I've been experiencing but I'm …Dynamic adaptive HTTP (DASH) based streaming is steadily becoming the most popular online video streaming technique. DASH streaming provides seamless playback by adapting the video quality to the network conditions during the video playback. A DASH server supports adaptive streaming by hosting multiple representations of the video and …HowStuffWorks explores 10 dumb adaptations (or lack thereof) that humans and the animal kingdom at large have suffered with. Advertisement Our bodies force us to a lot of dumb thin...For this new functionality to work, the new compatibility standards require modems that support “Save our Show TIME (SOS)” and “Robust Overhead Channel (ROC)” or the earlier standard “Dynamic SRA (Seamless Rate Adaptation)”. We will contact you via email if NBN tests have shown that you are using an incompatible modem.Sep 12, 2013 · Compressive Coded Modulation for Seamless Rate Adaptation Abstract: This paper presents a novel compressive coded modulation (CCM) which simultaneously …EP2120381A1 EP09011133A EP09011133A EP2120381A1 EP 2120381 A1 EP2120381 A1 EP 2120381A1 EP 09011133 A EP09011133 A EP 09011133A EP 09011133 A EP09011133 A EP ...Sep 7, 2011 · What BT are presently introducing on 21CN WBC (ADSL2+, ADSL2 and ADSL1) is not seamless rate adaptation (SRA) but what has been called quantisation. For SRA transmission speed (bit rate) continuously adapts to line conditions - increasing or decreasing. However with quantisation the transmission speed (bit rate) remains fixed once sync is ... This paper presents a novel compressive coded modulation (CCM) which simultaneously achieves joint source-channel coding and seamless rate adaptation. The embedding of source compression into modulation brings significant throughput gain when the physical layer data contain non-negligible redundancy. The kernel of CCM is a new …Dec 16, 2021 · The changes will require our connected VDSL modem to support the Save Our Showtime (SOS) and Robust Overhead Channel (ROC) functions or Seamless Rate Adaptation (SRA) . We have been advised that our VDSL modem doesn't support these functions but a firmware update may make our modem compatible.Oct 1, 2013 · A novel compressive coded modulation (CCM) which simultaneously achieves joint source-channel coding and seamless rate adaptation and a linear-time decoding algorithm for the proposed RP code is presented. This paper presents a novel compressive coded modulation (CCM) which simultaneously achieves joint source-channel coding and seamless rate adaptation. The embedding of source compression ... Seamless rate adaptation (SRA) is one of the promising rate adaptive schemes for wireless communication system. However, the high complexity of decoding hinders its application. We propose an optimized Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) design and implementation for SRA decoder in this paper. In order to balance speed and resource …Hi, I have a Speedtouch 585 BANT-K board running V 5.4.0.14 fw with UK ISP UKonline running ADSL2 at 22Mb - but getting around 12Mb. Does anyone know if Seamless Rate Adaptation (SRA) functionality will be made available forG.992.3. ITU G.992.3 is an ITU ( International Telecommunication Union) standard, also referred to as ADSL2 or G.dmt.bis. It optionally extends the capability of basic ADSL in data rates to 12 Mbit/s downstream and, depending on Annex version, up to 3.5 Mbit/s upstream (with a mandatory capability of ADSL2 transceivers of 8 Mbit/s downstream ... Nov 24, 2023 · SRA (Seamless Rate Adaptation) 11. Bitswap (ADSL) 12. Bitswap (VDSL) 13. VDSL Profile 14. G.INP (G.998.4) 15. G.vector (G.993.5) 16.Feb 14, 2019 · proposed rate adaptive method can achieve seamless rate adaptation in presence of significant signal quality variations via mobility. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, VLC channel structure and optical OFDM schemes is introduced. Calculation of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for VLC is explained in same section.摘要：. This paper aims at designing a Seamless Rate Adaptation for wireless networking which achieves smooth rate adjustment in a broad dynamic range of channel conditions. Conventional rate adaptation can only achieve a stair-case rate adjustment. Even when combining with hybrid ARQ, it suffers from an irreconcilable conflict between ... Bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) has been widely used in capacity-achieving communication systems. In this paper, we propose an enhanced BICM, namely, arithmetic-BICM (A-BICM), which is able to achieve high channel throughput and seamless rate adaptation in time-varying wireless channels. The A-BICM generates modulation …COLUMBIA ADAPTIVE RISK ALLOCATION FUND INSTITUTIONAL 2 CLASS- Performance charts including intraday, historical charts and prices and keydata. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksIkanos' field-proven physical layer technology supports VDSL2, ADSL2+, ADSL2, ADSL and VDSL standards, and supports IPTV and triple-play optimized features such as Dynamic Rate Repartitioning (DRR) and Seamless Rate Adaptation (SRA), which are expected to be incorporated into future standards enhancements. Jul 2, 2020 · Moreover, a rate adaptation mechanism estimates the current channel qualities and chooses the suitable bitrate for the leaving frames aiming to reach maximum throughput in VANET. Numerous rate adaptation algorithms build on diverse techniques have been proposed to guarantee seamless communication for 802.11 wireless networks. A good rate adaptation scheme is defined by its responsiveness to fast channel changes and achieving the highest possible throughput. Rate adaptation schemes have been an active research topic for about two decades, many algorithms have been proposed in the literature. Very few of them have been tested in fully mobile IEEE 802.11 …When the arrival rate (or throughput) and the playout rate (or video bitrate) are equal, the horizontal distance between these curves is maintained and the buffer level is stable. In HTTP adaptive streaming, the main objectives of adaptation methods include high video quality and re-buffering (or buffer underflow) avoidance.A method for initializing modems in a multicarrier transmission system to establish a communication link between the transmitter and the receiver. An exemplary embodiment includes the steps of providing a predetermined parameter value that approximates a corresponding actual parameter value of the communication link, establishing a data …Broadband Advanced Screen. Use the Advanced screen to enable or disable ADSL over PTM, Annex M, DSL PhyR, and SRA (Seamless Rate Adaptation) functions. The Zyxel Device supports the PhyR retransmission scheme. PhyR is a retransmission scheme designed to provide protection against noise on the DSL line.RADSL allows rate-adaptation while the connection is in operation — rate-adaptation during connection setup is possible in many other DSL variants, including G.dmt and its successors. Rate-adaptation while the connection is in operation is specified as an option in ADSL2, ADSL2+, and VDSL2, under the name seamless rate adaptation (SRA). This paper aims at designing a Seamless Rate Adaptation for wireless networking which achieves smooth rate adjustment in a broad dynamic range of channel conditions. Conventional rate adaptation can only achieve a stair-case rate adjustment. Even when combining with hybrid ARQ, it suffers from an irreconcilable conflict between throughput and dynamic range. We tackle this […] DOI: 10.1109/MWC.2015.7096290 Corpus ID: 6412711 Efficient coding modulation and seamless rate adaptation for visible light communications @article{Wang2015EfficientCM, title={Efficient coding modulation and seamless rate adaptation for visible light communications}, author={Min Wang and Jun Wu and Wei Yu and Hanli Wang and …Oct 20, 2020 · I'll see if we can upgrade to the firmware you suggested and see if it equals less ppp drop outs. Hi, I have been having issues with VDSL ppp sessions being dropped constantly. The carrier has said to configure seamless rate adaption on the vdsl controller. However, it seems that it sometimes causes the IOS to crash. Will it only crash if the. Plug in and turn on your smart device in the same room as your speaker or display. Note: After you complete the setup, you can relocate your device. Open the Google Home app . Make sure you have the most recent version. Tap Devices Add Google Nest or partner device . Follow the in-app instructions to complete setup.JP2003522436A JP2000604585A JP2000604585A JP2003522436A JP 2003522436 A JP2003522436 A JP 2003522436A JP 2000604585 A JP2000604585 A JP 2000604585A JP 2000604585 A ...Oct 14, 2019 · It is well known that spinal codes can essentially approach channel capacity for equiprobable source, and achieve seamless rate adaptation at the same time. But how to design an optimal spinal codes for non-equiprobable source is still an open problem. This paper proposes a novel Sparse Spinal (S-Spinal) codes design, which can essentially approach channel capacity for non-equiprobable and ... Bitswap is for G.DMT - it's good for the connection in terms of stability. Should be left on, and if I'm not mistaken I think it's for adapting to changes on a line (swapping bit allocations). SRA is a feature of ADSL2/2+ and is fairly new in terms of deployment. I recall Internode looking into it however the results weren't that impressive.When configuring QoS ( Quality of Service) or SQM ( Smart Queue Management I need to set the download speed to about 90% of the internet connection. If I set it above the actual speed, it will not work. If I set it too low, it would be painfully slow while it could be faster. Since there are multiple people using the connection (also watching ... Seamless rate adaptation (SRA – optional) is used to reconfigure the number of bits modulated on a symbol for each latency path. Hence, at least one bearer ...~ Seamless Rate Adaption (SRA) Seamless Rate Adaption (SRA) is a method which dynamically adapts your line rate /sync speed on the fly depending upon the current condition of your line without having to perform a full retrain or resync.Jun 1, 2020 · Numerical results indicate that proposed rate adaptive method can achieve seamless rate adaptation and has higher spectral efficiency compared to AMC in the …Feb 12, 2019 · To overcome multi-path effects, optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is used. Simulation results indicate that proposed rate adaptive method can achieve seamless rate adaptation and has higher spectral efficiency compared to AMC in presence of significant signal quality variations caused by mobility in a model room. To make seamless rate adaptation take effect immediately on a VDSL interface, run the undo shutdown command to activate the VDSL interface. Precautions. Seamless rate adaptation must be enabled on devices on both ends of a line and takes effect only after the line is activated.Jul 24, 2014 · Seamless rate adaptation (SRA) enables the ADSL2 system to change the data rate of the connection during operation without any service interruption or bit errors. Note These features are not currently available on the 866VAE, 867VAE, 866VAE-K9, and 867VAE-K9. Simulation results indicate that proposed rate adaptive method can achieve seamless rate adaptation and has higher spectral efficiency compared to AMC in presence of significant signal quality variations caused by mobility in a model room. Index Terms: Visible light communications, rateless codes, code rate adaptation, spectral efficiency. 1. Dec 16, 2021 · The changes will require our connected VDSL modem to support the Save Our Showtime (SOS) and Robust Overhead Channel (ROC) functions or Seamless Rate Adaptation (SRA) . We have been advised that our VDSL modem doesn't support these functions but a firmware update may make our modem compatible.Our proposed stochastic bottleneck framework enables seamless rate adaptation with high reconstruction performance, without requiring predetermined latent dimensionality at training. We experimentally demonstrate that the proposed RL-AEs can achieve variable dimensionality reduction while retaining nearly optimal distortion compared to …Sep 22, 2020 · As the Seamless Rate Adaptation Settings are disabled it would cause Intermittent Service/Dropouts. Kindly change the Seamless Rate Adaptation (Seamless Rate Adaptation) settings in the Customer Premise Equipment to Dynamic and monitor the service for 2 days. 2. Make sure that dot1p is set to 0 3. Consider trying an alternate CPE Feb 20, 2020 · Smoother adaptation can be achieved by the seamless rate adaptation (SRA) scheme via rate compatible modulation (RCM). However, SRA does not provide an effective way to increase symbol distances, so the improvement on spectral efficiency is small. Feb 14, 2019 · proposed rate adaptive method can achieve seamless rate adaptation in presence of significant signal quality variations via mobility. The remainder of this paper …Seamless Rate Adaptation; Power Management; Loop Diagnostics – DELT:Double Ended Line Testing – SELT:Single Ended Line Testing. Specifications for DSL. Share This Story, Choose Your Platform! Facebook Twitter Reddit LinkedIn WhatsApp Tumblr Pinterest Vk Email. Search for: Categories ...SRA stands for Seamless Rate Adaptation. It is another feature available in some VDSL modem routers that can have a significant impact on your internet connection. SRA constantly monitors the line conditions and adjusts the ...Jul 2, 2020 · In our study, we examine and compare the six rate adaptation algorithms performance realized in the open source MadWifi driver which is generally utilized in …A2: NBN does not mandate that DSL modem routers must support SOS and ROC. For DSL modem routers not supporting these new functions, another function, Seamless Rate Adaptation (SRA) will be required to ensure connectivity under certain noisy conditions. Most TP-Link DSL modem routers support SRA. After SRA is turned …Jun 17, 2022 · After some dropout issues, my ISP has asked me to reassign the Seamless Rate Adaptation (SRA) from Automatic to Dynamic. I understand from earlier posts that the DM200 supports SRA as it is compliant with G.993.2, and so SRA is enabled by default. However, there appears to be no setting in the DM200's web UI to change from Automatic to Dynamic. Jul 2, 2020 · In our study, we examine and compare the six rate adaptation algorithms performance realized in the open source MadWifi driver which is generally utilized in …ابتدا بر روی گزینه Network و سپس گزینه DSL Settings کلیک کنید. سپس تنظیمات مربوط DSL Modulation Type، Annex Type، Bit Swap و SRA را با توجه به موارد زیر انجام ...Sep 22, 2020 · As the Seamless Rate Adaptation Settings are disabled it would cause Intermittent Service/Dropouts. Kindly change the Seamless Rate Adaptation (Seamless Rate Adaptation) settings in the Customer Premise Equipment to Dynamic and monitor the service for 2 days. 2. Make sure that dot1p is set to 0 3. Consider trying an alternate CPEApr 12, 2020 · Fixes: 315. Registered: ‎04-04-2007. 12-04-2020 12:06 PM. No. The only activity I'm aware of is an Openreach trial of SRA on FTTC lines. Bob Pullen. Plusnet Product Team. If I've been helpful then please give thanks ⤵. Message 2 of 3.Feb 13, 2019 · Simulation results indicate that proposed rate adaptive method can achieve seamless rate adaptation and has higher spectral efficiency compared to AMC in …2022-06-17 06:35 AM. I have a Netgear DM200 modem running into a Linksys WRT32X router, NBN via FTTN, firmware up to date V.1.0.0.66. After some dropout issues, my ISP has asked me to reassign the Seamless Rate Adaptation (SRA) from Automatic to Dynamic. I understand from earlier posts that the DM200 supports SRA as it is compliant with …Jun 18, 2021 · 18-06-2021 2:37 PM. @DOC1 SRA or Seamless Rate Adaptation is not implemented on Openreach FTTC (VDSL2) services so whatever you set it to on the router makes no difference. I believe it is used on G.Fast connections so the sync speed can change up or down without dropping the connection. Message 2 of 6. (5,432 Views) Oct 1, 2014 · Seamless rate adaptation (SRA) is one of the promising rate adaptive schemes for wireless communication system. However, the high complexity of decoding hinders its application. We propose an ...A2: NBN does not mandate that DSL modem routers must support SOS and ROC. For DSL modem routers not supporting these new functions, another function, Seamless Rate Adaptation (SRA) will be required to ensure connectivity under certain noisy conditions. Most TP-Link DSL modem routers support SRA. After SRA is turned …Nov 29, 2008 · Seamless Rate Adaptation (SRA) SRA allows modems to make seamless data transfer rate changes to avoid dropping a connection. Modems are affected by cross talk from adjacent lines, as well as by other interference such as temperature changes and radio signals. Any interference on the connection can cause a modem to retrain on …DOI: 10.1109/MWC.2015.7096290 Corpus ID: 6412711 Efficient coding modulation and seamless rate adaptation for visible light communications @article{Wang2015EfficientCM, title={Efficient coding modulation and seamless rate adaptation for visible light communications}, author={Min Wang and Jun Wu and Wei Yu and Hanli Wang and … · posted 2016-Oct-4, 2:55 pm AEST. O.P. I noticed on 'Node's NBN FTTN settings page, it says Seamless Rate Adaptation (SRA) should be set to "on" but in my …A Seamless Rate Adaptation engedélyezése (szakadás nélkül alkalmazkodik): wan dmt2 set olr 3 A Seamless Rate tiltása: wan dmt2 set olr 2 Interleaving engedélyezése: wan dmt2 set path 1 Interleaving tiltása (fast path): ...This paper presents a novel compressive coded modulation (CCM) which simultaneously achieves joint source-channel coding and seamless rate adaptation. The embedding of source compression into modulation brings significant throughput gain when the physical layer data contain non-negligible redundancy. The kernel of CCM is a new …Apr 15, 2012 · Re: Seamless Rate Adaptation [ re: billford ] [ link to this post ] CPs should be aware that the mechanism for reporting the downstream and upstream line rates relies on a line re-train causing the CP, or the CPE, to initiate a new PPP session or a …NBN reckons it's because my modem's Seamless Rate Adaptation (SRA) is set to "Disabled", and should be changed to be "Dynamic". I'm using a Nighthawk D7800. Now, I have looked through the settings, and updated to the latest firmware (v1.0.1.68) but cannot find anything related to it. The adaptive methods developed in [13][14][15] exploited this flexibility by using Bayesian tools to select the treatment(s) [13,14] or subpopulation(s) [15] to test in stage 2 of a seamless phase ...Compared with seamless rate adaptation (SRA), SOS features faster line stability detection, which significantly reduces port offline rates caused by sudden noise increase. In addition, line gains remain unchanged during the entire SOS process, preventing unstable noise increase to lines.Oct 5, 2022 · Re: SRA (Seamless rate adaptation) ‎05 Oct 2022 12:05 PM I maybe wrong but am thinking SRA is messing with the siginal on a line to maintain a better connection, yet at the same time the DLM in the cab is doing the same, trying to relearn the line. I have a Draytek Vigor 2760 on an Aussie Broadband FTTN suffering frequent dropouts despite NBN Co reporting no issue on their end. I'd like to try enabling Seamless Rate Adaptation (SRA) but I can't see it mentioned on any GUIFeb 20, 2020 · Smoother adaptation can be achieved by the seamless rate adaptation (SRA) scheme via rate compatible modulation (RCM). However, SRA does not provide an effective way to increase symbol distances, so the improvement on spectral efficiency is small.

To make seamless rate adaptation take effect immediately on a VDSL interface, run the undo shutdown command to activate the VDSL interface. Precautions. Seamless rate adaptation must be enabled on devices on both ends of a line and takes effect only after the line is activated.. Buy songs

seamless rate adaptation

Oct 20, 2020 · I'll see if we can upgrade to the firmware you suggested and see if it equals less ppp drop outs. Hi, I have been having issues with VDSL ppp sessions being dropped constantly. The carrier has said to configure seamless rate adaption on the vdsl controller. However, it seems that it sometimes causes the IOS to crash. Will it only crash if the.RADSL allows rate-adaptation while the connection is in operation — rate-adaptation during connection setup is possible in many other DSL variants, including G.dmt and its successors. Rate-adaptation while the connection is in operation is specified as an option in ADSL2, ADSL2+, and VDSL2, under the name seamless rate adaptation (SRA). 摘要：. This paper aims at designing a Seamless Rate Adaptation for wireless networking which achieves smooth rate adjustment in a broad dynamic range of channel conditions. Conventional rate adaptation can only achieve a stair-case rate adjustment. Even when combining with hybrid ARQ, it suffers from an irreconcilable conflict between ... In today’s fast-paced world, having a reliable and high-speed internet connection is crucial. One of the easiest and most convenient ways to achieve this is by using a USB wireless...Adaptive has set out to give construction teams better tools to manage their back offices, raising $6.5 million in a seed round led by a16z. In the construction business, time is m...Request PDF | On Oct 1, 2018, Abdennour Zekri and others published Performance Evaluation of Rate Adaptation Algorithms in IEEE802.11p Heterogeneous Vehicular Networks | Find, read and cite all ...This paper proposes an enhanced BICM, namely, arithmetic-BICM (A-B ICM), which is able to achieve high channel throughput and seamless rate adaptation in time-varying wireless channels and employs a systematic channel code in A-BicM. Bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) has been widely used in capacity-achieving communication systems. …Visible light communication (VLC), which uses LEDs for both illumination and communication purposes, has recently emerged as either an alternative or a support system for radio frequency (RF) communication. VLC channel…FritzBoxes support birectional dynamic Seamless Rate Adaptation (SRA). birectional dynamic Seamless Rate Adaptation (SRA) will be supported by NBN if SOS/ROC aren't supported by a modem; enabling this is how Draytek have made their affected models (e.g. Vigor 130) compliant with the NBN requirement.Sep 1, 2020 · Hi there, I've been using openwrt 18.06.2 on my netgear dm200 with great success for some time now on a VDSL2 connection to the NBN here in Australia (FTTN). My service provider requested that I enable SRA (seamless rate adaptation according to them) for the purposes of debugging some recent dropouts I've been experiencing but I'm …Bluetooth technology has revolutionized the way we connect devices wirelessly. Whether it’s a smartphone, headphones, or a wireless mouse, Bluetooth allows for seamless connectivit...Jan 21, 2024 · How to configure QoS/SQM with SRA (seamless rate adaptation) on OpenWrt. Ask Question. Asked 7 years, 6 months ago. Modified 6 years, 3 months ago. …Seamless Rate Adaptation (SRA) allows devices to change data transfer rates on the fly to avoid losing a connection due to interference.Hey everyone, Long story short I have been using a Netgear D6220 and have been having connection issues with Aussie broadband. Aussie stated that as the D6220 doesn't have Seamless Rate Adaption (SRA), I will need to get one that does, so that if i ever hit the 5 drop outs a day I can get NBN co to come out.For the support of seamless rate adaptation with retransmission, an additional OLR request (Type 5) is defined. This OLR request shall replace the OLR request Type 0216 and the OLR request type 0316 of Table 9-7 of ITU-T G.992.3. The format of the OLR Type 5 command transmitted by the initiating receiver is described in Table A.15.2022-06-17 06:35 AM. I have a Netgear DM200 modem running into a Linksys WRT32X router, NBN via FTTN, firmware up to date V.1.0.0.66. After some dropout issues, my ISP has asked me to reassign the Seamless Rate Adaptation (SRA) from Automatic to Dynamic. I understand from earlier posts that the DM200 supports SRA as it is compliant with …Dynamic adaptive HTTP (DASH) based streaming is steadily becoming the most popular online video streaming technique. DASH streaming provides seamless playback by adapting the video quality to the network conditions during the video playback. A DASH server supports adaptive streaming by hosting multiple representations of the video and each ….

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