![Thus the electron configuration of carbon is \[\ce{[He]}2s^{2} 2p_{x}^{1} 2p_{y}^{1} \nonumber \] This might also be written (using arrows to indicate the orientations of electron spins): A single square with two opposite pointing arrows is labeled 1 S. Following this square is an identical square with two opposite pointing arrows labeled 2 …. Momentum movie](/img/512x512/1608304126561.webp)
We can also formulate it as the lowest energy configuration for an atom is the one having the maximum number of unpaired electrons within the same energy ...The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called the electron configuration of the atom. ... Thus, the two electrons in the carbon 2p orbitals have identical n, l, and m s quantum numbers and differ in their m l quantum number (in accord with the Pauli exclusion principle). The electron configuration and orbital diagram for ...By Hund’s rule, the electron configuration of carbon, which is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2, is understood to correspond to the orbital diagram shown in c. Experimentally, it is found that the ground state of a neutral carbon atom does indeed contain two unpaired electrons. When we get to nitrogen (Z = 7, with seven electrons), Hund’s rule tells us that the lowest …The electron configurations of silicon (14 electrons), phosphorus (15 electrons), sulfur (16 electrons), chlorine (17 electrons), and argon (18 electrons) are analogous in the electron configurations of their outer shells to their corresponding family members carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and neon, respectively, except that the principal quantum number of the outer shell of the heavier ... The electron configuration of an element is the arrangement of its electrons in its atomic orbitals. By knowing the electron configuration of an element, we can predict and explain a great deal of its chemistry. Example 1.3.1. Draw an orbital diagram and use it to derive the electron configuration of phosphorus, Z = 15.Jun 20, 2023 · As shown below, there are two 1 s electrons and two 2 s electrons in the Be atom. Its electron configuration is thus. 1s22s2or[He]2s2 1 s 2 2 s 2 or [ He] 2 s 2. The symbol [He] denotes the inner shell of two 1 s electrons which have the same configuration as the noble gas He. The beryllium atom is noticeably smaller than the lithium atom. The electron configurations of silicon (14 electrons), phosphorus (15 electrons), sulfur (16 electrons), chlorine (17 electrons), and argon (18 electrons) are analogous in the electron configurations of their outer shells to their corresponding family members carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and neon, respectively, except that the principal ... Germanium Electron Configuration: Ge (Germanium) is a chemical element that has a chemical symbol Ge. The atomic number of Germanium is 32. It is a hard, lustrous, greyish-white metalloid of the carbon group. It is similar chemically to its group neighbors silicon and tin. Hydrogen Electron Configuration. Helium Electron …We can see from the electron configuration of a carbon atom—1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 —that it has 4 valence electrons (2s 2 2p 2) and 2 core electrons (1s 2). You will see in the next chapters that the chemical properties of elements are determined by the number of valence electrons. The elements that form bonds by donating electrons are called cations. Potassium donates the electron of the last shell to form bonds and turns into a potassium ion (K + ). That is, potassium is a cation element. K – e – → K +. The electron configuration of potassium ion (K +) is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6.ETF strategy - KRANESHARES GLOBAL CARBON TRANSFORMATION ETF - Current price data, news, charts and performance Indices Commodities Currencies StocksThe electron configuration and the orbital diagram are: Following hydrogen is the noble gas helium, which has an atomic number of 2. The helium atom contains two protons and two electrons. The first electron has the same four quantum numbers as the hydrogen atom electron ( n = 1, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = +12 m s = + 1 2 ). We can see from the electron configuration of a carbon atom—1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 —that it has 4 valence electrons (2s 2 2p 2) and 2 core electrons (1s 2). You will see in the next chapters that the chemical properties of elements are determined by the number of valence electrons. Element 6 of Periodic table is Carbon with atomic number 6, atomic weight 12.0107. Carbon, symbol C, has a Simple Hexagonal structure and Black color. Carbon is a Other Nonmetal element. It is part of group 14 (carbon family). Know everything about Carbon Facts, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties, Electronic configuration, Atomic and ...Aug 14, 2020 · Inner transition elements are metallic elements in which the last electron added occupies an f orbital. They are shown in green in Figure 8.3.6 8.3. 6. The valence shells of the inner transition elements consist of the ( n – 2) f, the ( n – 1) d, and the ns subshells. There are two inner transition series: Carbon is the sixth element, with a ground-state electron configuration of 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2, of which the four outer electrons are valence electrons. Its first four ionisation energies, 1086.5, 2352.6, 4620.5 and 6222.7 kJ/mol, are much higher than those of the heavier group-14 elements. I have heard that carbon monoxide is extremely poisonous. Can you explain why? Advertisement Every poison has a particular trait that causes it to be poisonous. In the case of carb...The highest principal quantum number is 2. There are 2 electrons in the 2s subshell and 2 electrons in the 2 p subshell, giving carbon a total of four valence electrons. Bromine’s ground state electron configuration is 1s 2 2s 2 p 6 3s 2 p 6 d 10 4s 2 4p 5. The valence electrons are be the 4s and 4p electrons. Bromine has seven …Nov 1, 2012 ... Carbon is located in group 14. A carbon atom contains 6 electrons, therefore the electronic configuration is 2.4. It has 4 valance electrons ...In this case, 2+2+6+2+6+2+10+6+2+1= 39 and Z=39, so the answer is correct. A slightly more complicated example is the electron configuration of bismuth (symbolized Bi, with Z = 83). The periodic table gives the following electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p65s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p3. Installing and Configuring BitTorrent - A firewall may disrupt the BitTorrent download process. Find out how a firewall can prevent BitTorrent from downloading and how to configure...The electron configuration of an atom shows the number of electrons in each sublevel in each energy level of the ground-state atom. To determine the electron configuration of a particular atom, start at the nucleus and add electrons one by one until the number of electrons equals the number of protons in the nucleus. ... carbon: 6: 1s 2 2s 2 2p ...Let's find the ground state electron configuration of Carbon! In this example video we are asked about carbon ground state electron configuration! A single c...The electron configurations of silicon (14 electrons), phosphorus (15 electrons), sulfur (16 electrons), chlorine (17 electrons), and argon (18 electrons) are analogous in the electron configurations of their outer shells to their corresponding family members carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and neon, respectively, except that the principal quantum number of the outer shell of the heavier ... Carbon (atomic number 6) has six electrons. Four of them fill the 1s and 2s orbitals. ... The electron configuration and orbital diagram for carbon are: Nitrogen (atomic number 7) fills the 1s and 2s subshells and has one electron in each of the three 2p orbitals, in accordance with Hund’s rule. These three electrons have unpaired spins.The electron configuration for Lithium is therefore 1s 2 2s 1. A Note: The first half of lithium’s electron configuration is written using only “1s 2 ” and not “1s 1 1s 2 ” because between Hydrogen and Helium, the energy level and orbital do not change. Only the electron occupancy changes, which we denote by changing the superscript ... As types of ransomware get more advanced and devastating, get to know more about some of the best ways to defend your business. Receive Stories from @aprilmillerOrbital filling diagram for carbon. Electron configuration 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2. Step 3: Think about your result. Following the 2s sublevel is the 2p, and p sublevels always consist of three orbitals. All three orbitals need to be drawn even if one or more is unoccupied. According to Hund's rule, the sixth electron enters the second of those p …Lewis Symbols. We use Lewis symbols to describe valence electron configurations of atoms and monatomic ions. A Lewis symbol consists of an elemental symbol surrounded by one dot for each of its valence electrons: Figure 7.9 shows the Lewis symbols for the elements of the third period of the periodic table.This structure is called an electron configuration. Electron configurations are shorthand descriptions of the arrangements of electrons in atoms. The electron configuration of a hydrogen atom is spoken out loud as “one-ess-one.” ... We can see from the electron configuration of a carbon atom—1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 —that it has 4 valence ...Oct 12, 2023 · The shorthand electron configuration for Phosphorus is [Ne] 3s 2 3p 3. The electron configuration for the Phosphide ion (P 3-) is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6. The number of valence electrons available for the Phosphorus atom is 5. Phosphorus is situated in Group 15th or 5A and has an atomic number of 15. Electron configuration: Electron configuration is purely based on the number of electrons present in an atom. It is the process of configuring atoms by allocating the electrons of an atom in different subshells based on their energy levels. Electrons usually occupy s, p, d and f orbitals or sub-shells. Answer and Explanation:A carbon atom has six electrons, so there are two electrons in the 2p subshell. These two electrons could (1) ... The specific arrangement of electrons in atomic orbitals is called the electron configuration of the atom. It determines many physical and chemical properties of that atom. The periodic table, which is arranged in accordance …Jan 18, 2024 · 1 1 to n n, where n n is the value of the outermost shell containing an electron. The letter \rm s s indicates the type of orbital (a.k.a. the subshell ). Different subshells can host a different number of electrons: subshell \rm s s has a maximum of Learn how to write, fill and represent the electron configuration of an atom using the standard notation and abbreviated notation. Find out the rules and exceptions for the …The Difficulties of Carbon Fiber - The difficulties of carbon fiber have to do with its expense and reuse. Learn about the difficulties of carbon fiber and if they can be overcome....The electron configuration of an atom shows the number of electrons in each sublevel in each energy level of the ground-state atom. To determine the electron configuration of a particular atom, start at the nucleus and add electrons one by one until the number of electrons equals the number of protons in the nucleus. ... carbon: 6: 1s 2 2s 2 2p ...Orbital filling diagram for carbon. Electron configuration 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2. Step 3: Think about your result. Following the 2s sublevel is the 2p, and p sublevels always consist of three orbitals. All three orbitals need to be drawn even if one or more is unoccupied. According to Hund's rule, the sixth electron enters the second of those p ...To write the orbital diagram for the Carbon atom (C) first we need to write the electron configuration for just C. To do that we need to find the number of ...The electron configurations of silicon (14 electrons), phosphorus (15 electrons), sulfur (16 electrons), chlorine (17 electrons), and argon (18 electrons) are analogous in the electron configurations of their outer shells to their corresponding family members carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and neon, respectively, except that the principal ... The electron configuration for selenium is 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p4. This configuration is also written as [Ar] 4s23d104p4, according to Dr. Anne Marie Helmenstine, a contributor ...Figure 9.6.9 9.6. 9: Orbital filling diagrams for hydrogen, helium, and lithium. According to the Aufbau process, sublevels and orbitals are filled with electrons in order of increasing energy. Since the s s sublevel consists of just one orbital, the second electron simply pairs up with the first electron as in helium. The electron configuration for titanium is 1s22s22p63s23p63d24s2, according to the Jefferson Lab website. The element’s 22 electrons are arranged in four energy levels surrounding ...The electron configurations of silicon (14 electrons), phosphorus (15 electrons), sulfur (16 electrons), chlorine (17 electrons), and argon (18 electrons) are analogous in the electron configurations of their outer shells to their corresponding family members carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and neon, respectively, except that the principal quantum number of the outer shell of the heavier ... This page shows the electron configurations of the neutral gaseous atoms in their ground states. For each atom the subshells are given first in concise form, then with all subshells written out, followed by the number of electrons per shell. For phosphorus (element 15) as an example, the concise form is [Ne] 3s 2 3p 3.Electron atomic and molecular orbitals A Bohr diagram of lithium. In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical …The carbon orbital notation is a shorthand system designed to represent the exact positions of the electrons in the carbon atom. This is similar to electron configuration, but numbers are used instead of boxes to represent the positions of the electrons. This orbital notation system always follows the Aufbau principle. Advertisement In the previous list, you saw that the BIOS checks the CMOS Setup for custom settings. Here's what you do to change those settings. To enter the CMOS Setup, you must ...How is powdered activated carbon used? Keep reading to learn about powdered activated carbon and how it is used. Advertisement The use of activated carbon is pretty straightforward...The atomic number of the carbon is six which makes its electronic configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2. As the 2p shell has a capacity of holding up to six electrons, there comes a deficiency of four electrons. So, carbon has four valence electrons which are ready to act in a bond formation to stable its atomic structure.The electron configurations of silicon (14 electrons), phosphorus (15 electrons), sulfur (16 electrons), chlorine (17 electrons), and argon (18 electrons) are analogous in the electron configurations of their outer shells to their corresponding family members carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and neon, respectively, except that the principal quantum number of the …The electron configurations of silicon (14 electrons), phosphorus (15 electrons), sulfur (16 electrons), chlorine (17 electrons), and argon (18 electrons) are analogous in the electron configurations of their outer shells to their corresponding family members carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and neon, respectively, except that the principal ... Germanium Electron Configuration: Ge (Germanium) is a chemical element that has a chemical symbol Ge. The atomic number of Germanium is 32. It is a hard, lustrous, greyish-white metalloid of the carbon group. It is similar chemically to its group neighbors silicon and tin. Hydrogen Electron Configuration. Helium Electron …Lewis Symbols. We use Lewis symbols to describe valence electron configurations of atoms and monatomic ions. A Lewis symbol consists of an elemental symbol surrounded by one dot for each of its valence electrons: Figure 7.9 shows the Lewis symbols for the elements of the third period of the periodic table.The lowest-energy arrangement, or ground-state electron configuration, of an atom is a list of the orbitals occupied by its electrons. We can predict this arrangement by following three rules. The lowest-energy orbitals fill up first, 1s → 2s → 2p → 3s → 3p → 4s → 3d 1 s → 2 s → 2 p → 3 s → 3 p → 4 s → 3 d, according to ...The electron configuration of an element is the arrangement of its electrons in its atomic orbitals. By knowing the electron configuration of an element, we can predict and explain a great deal of its chemistry. Example 1.3.1. Draw an orbital diagram and use it to derive the electron configuration of phosphorus, Z = 15. The electron configuration for carbon dioxide (CO2) is... Oxygen 6 valence electrons, multiplied by 2 added to Carob which has 4 valence electrons, totals to 16 divided by 2 makes the required ...By Hund’s rule, the electron configuration of carbon, which is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2, is understood to correspond to the orbital diagram shown in c. Experimentally, it is found that the ground state of a neutral carbon atom does indeed contain two unpaired electrons. Carbon has a proton number of 6. This means that: Number of electrons: 6. 2 electrons in first shell. 4 electrons in second shell. Electron configuration for carbon is 2.4. Valence electrons: 4. Note: The fullstop is not a decimal point. It is just a way to separate the numbers.The electron configuration of an atom describes the orbitals occupied by electrons on the atom. ... The electrons in the 2p orbitals on carbon can therefore be represented as follows. When we get to N (Z = 7), we have to put one electron into each of the three degenerate 2p orbitals.Carbon is the sixth element with a total of 6 electrons. In writing the electron configuration for carbon the first two electrons will go in the 1s orbital. Since 1s can only hold two electrons the next 2 electrons for C goes in the 2s orbital. The remaining two electrons will go in the 2p orbital. Carbon Electron Configuration 97,028 views 732 Electron Configuration - Basic introduction The Organic Chemistry Tutor A step-by-step description of how to …Electron configuration: [He]2s22p2 Oxidation state: 4,2 Crystal structure: hexagonal. Carbon has been known since ancient times when it was produced by burning organic material in the presence of insufficient oxygen. Four allotropes of carbon are known: amorphous (e.g., charcoal and soot), graphite, diamond, and fullerenes.Jul 20, 2022 · By Hund’s rule, the electron configuration of carbon, which is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2, is understood to correspond to the orbital diagram shown in c. Experimentally, it is found that the ground state of a neutral carbon atom does indeed contain two unpaired electrons. Orbital filling diagram for carbon. Electron configuration 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2. Step 3: Think about your result. Following the 2s sublevel is the 2p, and p sublevels always consist of three orbitals. All three orbitals need to be drawn even if one or more is unoccupied. According to Hund's rule, the sixth electron enters the second of those p ...The arrangement of electrons in the atomic orbitals of an atom is called the electron configuration. Electron configurations can be determined using a periodic table. Terminology: The ground state configuration is the lowest energy, most stable arrangement. An excited state configuration is a higher energy arrangement (it requires …The ground state electron configuration of carbon is as 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2.The condensed electron configuration of carbon is written as [He] 2s 2 2p 2. 3.Why is the electron configuration of carbon important? The scientist can easily find out the number and details of how electrons are arranged around a nucleus.To predict the element’s positions in the …Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.Write the electron configuration. Step 2: Construct diagram. Orbital filling diagram for carbon. Electron configuration 1s22s22p2 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 2. Step 3: Think about your result. Following the 2s 2 s sublevel is the 2p 2 p, and p p sublevels always consist of three orbitals.Electron Configurations. The electron configuration of an atom is the representation of the arrangement of electrons distributed among the orbital shells and subshells. Commonly, the electron configuration is used to describe the orbitals of an atom in its ground state, but it can also be used to represent an atom that has ionized into a cation or anion by …Here is the way you can follow to write the electron configuration of carbon in just 5 steps. Step-1: To write electron configuration of carbon (C),we have to know the atomic number of carbon.The atomic number of carbon is 6.So carbon has 6 …They are helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. A noble gas configuration of an atom consists of the elemental symbol of the last noble gas prior to that atom, followed by the configuration of the remaining electrons. So for sodium, we make the substitution of [Ne] [ Ne] for the 1s22s22p6 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 part of the configuration.The electron configurations of silicon (14 electrons), phosphorus (15 electrons), sulfur (16 electrons), chlorine (17 electrons), and argon (18 electrons) are analogous in the electron configurations of their outer shells to their corresponding family members carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and neon, respectively, except that the …Orbital hybridisation. In chemistry, orbital hybridisation (or hybridization) is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals (with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals) suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in valence bond theory. For example, in a carbon atom which ... Referring to either Figure 6.4.3 6.4. 3 or 6.4.4 6.4. 4, we would expect to find the electron in the 1 s orbital. By convention, the ms = +1 2 m s = + 1 2 value is usually filled first. The electron configuration and the orbital diagram are: Following hydrogen is the noble gas helium, which has an atomic number of 2.How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in atoms of these isotopes? Write the complete electron configuration for each isotope. Answer. Co has 27 protons, 27 electrons, and 33 neutrons: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 7. I has 53 protons, 53 electrons, and 78 neutrons: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 10 4s 2 4p 6 4d 10 5s 2 5p 5.The electronic configuration of carbon is [1s 2] 2s 2 2p 2. The n = 1 shell is thus fully filled with two electrons, the n = 2 shell is filled by two electrons in the s-subshell (full) and two electrons in the p-subshell (not full as there is room for six electrons). A reminder of how ...Panasonic Carbon India News: This is the News-site for the company Panasonic Carbon India on Markets Insider Indices Commodities Currencies StocksSolution. The atomic number of Carbon is 6. It belongs to Group 14. The electronic configuration of Carbon C is 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 2. The atomic number of Hydrogen is 1. The electronic configuration of Hydrogen H is 1 s 1. The atomic number of Oxygen is 8. It belongs to Group 16. The electronic configuration of Oxygen O is 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 4.As types of ransomware get more advanced and devastating, get to know more about some of the best ways to defend your business. Receive Stories from @aprilmillerA step-by-step description of how to write the electron configuration for Carbon (C). In order to write the C electron configuration we first need to know t... Figure 8.4.4 8.4. 4: Combining wave functions of two p atomic orbitals along the internuclear axis creates two molecular orbitals, σp and σ∗p σ p ∗. The side-by-side overlap of two p orbitals gives rise to a pi (π π) bonding molecular orbital and a \ ( π^*\) antibonding molecular orbital, as shown in Figure 8.4.5 8.4. 5.The electron configurations of silicon (14 electrons), phosphorus (15 electrons), sulfur (16 electrons), chlorine (17 electrons), and argon (18 electrons) are analogous in the electron configurations of their outer shells to their corresponding family members carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and neon, respectively, except that the …The Difficulties of Carbon Fiber - The difficulties of carbon fiber have to do with its expense and reuse. Learn about the difficulties of carbon fiber and if they can be overcome....
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Carbon Electron Configuration 97,028 views 732 Electron Configuration - Basic introduction The Organic Chemistry Tutor A step-by-step description of how to …Aug 12, 2022 · The shell closest to the nucleus (first shell) has 2 dots representing the 2 electrons in 1s, while the outermost shell ( 2s) has 1 electron. Figure 2.7.1 2.7. 1: Shell diagrams of hydrogen (H), helium (He), lithium (Li), and Berryellium (Be) atoms. (CC BY-SA 2.0 UK; Greg Robson modified by Pumbaa via Wikipedia) This page shows the electron configurations of the neutral gaseous atoms in their ground states. For each atom the subshells are given first in concise form, then with all subshells written out, followed by the number of electrons per shell. For phosphorus (element 15) as an example, the concise form is [Ne] 3s 2 3p 3.Draw the orbital filling diagram for carbon and write its electron configuration. Solution. Step 1: List the known quantities and plan the problem. Known. Atomic number of carbon, Z=6; Use the order of fill diagram to draw an orbital filling diagram with a total of six electrons. Follow Hund's rule. Write the electron configuration. Carbon electron configuration. ← Electronic configurations of elements . C (Carbon) is an element with position number 6 in the periodic table. Located in the II period. Melting point: 3550 ℃. Density: 3.51 g/cm 3. Electronic configuration of the Carbon atom: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 Reduced electronic configuration C: [He] 2s 2 2p 2. Below is the electronic …Jul 20, 2022 · By Hund’s rule, the electron configuration of carbon, which is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2, is understood to correspond to the orbital diagram shown in c. Experimentally, it is found that the ground state of a neutral carbon atom does indeed contain two unpaired electrons. The arrangement of electrons in the atomic orbitals of an atom is called the electron configuration. Electron configurations can be determined using a periodic table. Terminology: The ground state configuration is the lowest energy, most stable arrangement. An excited state configuration is a higher energy arrangement (it requires …However, carbon dioxide is a better acceptor than donor of electron density and, consequently, the reactivity of the molecule is dominated by the electrophilic character of carbon rather than by the weak nucleophilic properties of the oxygen atoms. Fig. 7.5. Lewis acid–base properties of CO 2. A is a Lewis acid, D is a Lewis base.Solution. Since there is only one electron, this is a simple problem. L = 0 and M = 1, so the only possible term symbol is 2S. With only one electron, S = ½, so J = 0 + ½ = ½. Only one microstate exists for this configuration and it has a term symbol of 2S ½. Example 8.8.10: Boron.Dec 1, 2014 · Here is a video which will provide further explanation! (It also discusses additional examples of H and Cu: Hope this helps! Answer link. The four quantum numbers for carbon (electron 6) are: 2,1,0,+1/2 The first quantum number tells you this electron is in the second energy level. The second quantum number tells you the electron is in the p ... Consider the electron configuration for carbon atoms: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2: The two 2s electrons will occupy the same orbital, whereas the two 2p electrons will be in …The electron configurations of a few elements are provided with illustrations in this subsection. Electron Configuration of Hydrogen. The atomic number of hydrogen is 1. Therefore, a hydrogen atom contains 1 electron, which will be placed in the s subshell of the first shell/orbit. The electron configuration of hydrogen is 1s 1, as illustrated ... .