apush chapter 4: Slavery, Freedom, and the Struggle for Empire to 1763. Term. 1 / 19. Middle Passage. Click the card to flip 👆. Definition. 1 / 19. - the voyage across the atlantic was known as the missile passage (the second leg n the trading routes linking Europe, America and Africa) - The Route where Slaves were taken (could be sold for ...With the rise of cell phone plans that offer no contracts, consumers now have more freedom than ever before when it comes to choosing their mobile service provider. This flexibilit...Wilson set forth a program called the New Freedom. It emphasized: business competition and small government. reining in federal authority. echoed the Progressive party’s social …Aug 19, 2023 · Best Answer. In his Gettysburg Address, Lincoln 's use of the phrase "a new birth of freedom" has two related but distinct meanings. First, he uses it to indicate a renewal of the United States as a whole as it moves from a slave-holding nation to a fully emancipated nation. Second, he uses it to indicate the actual emancipation of America's ...Women's rights activists reacted to the new emphasis on sexual freedom in at least two distinct ways. d. For many feminists, the emphasis on casual sex ...Aug 23, 2022 · Please enter something FIND ESSAY. APUSH | Chapter 14: A New Birth Of Freedom: The Civil War, 1861-1865. Aug 23rd, 2022APUSH Chapter 14-"A New Birth of Freedom: The Civil War, 1861-1865" Flashcards. Learn. Test. Match. Flashcards. Learn. Test. ... This was a new era of naval battling ... Key Concept 2.1: Europeans developed a variety of colonization and migration patterns, influenced by different imperial goals, cultures and the varied North American environments where they settled, and they competed with each other and American Indians for Resources. I. Spanish, French, Dutch, and British colonizers had different economic and ...APUSH Chapter 29 Key Terms and People. Get a hint. New Freedom. Click the card to flip 👆. 1912, platform of reforms advocated by Woodrow Wilson in his first presidential campaign, included stronger anti-trust legislation to protect small business enterprises from monopolies, banking reforms, tariff reductions, strategy involved taking action ... Apr 21, 2017 · 4. Answer (a ), (b ), and (c ). Briefly explain why ONE of the following best marks the beginning of industrialization in the United States. ) The market revolution in the first half of the 1800s. The Civil War era in the middle of the 1800s. The rise of big business in the second half of the 1800s. ) Provide ONE example of an event or ...The Democratic president who won the presidential election of 1912. New Freedom. A program developed by Woodrow Wilson which aimed to place tight government control on the corporations. Triple Wall of Privilege. The tariffs, the banks, and the trusts that blocked businesses from becoming free- according to Wilson. Sixteenth Amendment.Nov 29, 2023 · 1524–1763. New York Colony history, facts, and timeline. New York was one of the 13 Original Colonies that declared independence from Great Britain in 1776 and founded the United States of America. King James II was the Duke of York when he was granted land in America by King Charles II. Image Source: Wikipedia.Roosevelt used the phrase “New Nationalism” in a 1910 speech in which he attempted to reconcile the liberal and conservative wings of the Republican Party. Unsuccessful, he became a Progressive and went on to promulgate his ideas as that party’s presidential candidate in the election of November 1912. His program called for a great ... Woodrow Wilson's program in his campaign for the presidency in 1912, the New Freedom emphasized business competition and small government. It sought to reign in federal authority, release individual energy, and restore competition. It echoed many of the progressive social-justice objectives while pushing for a free economy rather than a planned ... luna2538. War of 1812. The Great War (WWI) Mexican War. Civil War. Spanish-American War. Korean War. apush Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free.Oct 29, 2009 · Freedom Summer, also known as the the Mississippi Summer Project, was a 1964 voter registration drive sponsored by civil rights organizations. The Ku Klux Klan, police and state and local ...New England Colonies in the 17th Century (APUSH) Why was the Protestant Refomation ultimately important to the creation of America? Click the card to flip 👆. Calvinism drove the will of the Puritans, most of America was Protestant, Protestantism was a defining characteristic. Click the card to flip 👆.APUSH The American Pageant Chapter 30 Wilsonian Progressivism, 1912-1916. 5.0 (1 review) Get a hint. Dr. Woodrow Wilson. Click the card to flip 👆. democrat, progressive, …Dec 22, 2022 · Alexander Hamilton , the new Secretary of the Treasury, undertook the formidable task of fixing the economic ills of America. The U.S. had accumulated about …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. Before he was elected president in 1912, Woodrow Wilson had been a. Presbyterian minister. b. state governor. c. successful businessman. d. Progressive Republican. e. United States Senator., 2. As governor of New Jersey, Woodrow Wilson established a record as a. mild conservative. …A New Birth of Freedom: The Civil War, 1861– II. The First Modern War A. The Two Combatants. The North seemed to have the advantage, but Confederate soldiers were highly motivated fighters. On both sides, the outbreak of war stirred powerful feelings of patriotism. B. The Technology of War. Railroads were vital to the war effort.Overview The New Deal was a set of domestic policies enacted under President Franklin D. Roosevelt that dramatically expanded the federal government’s role in the economy in …43g. Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom Progressives did not come only in the Republican flavor. Thomas Woodrow Wilson also saw the need for change. Born in Staunton, …In today’s fast-paced world, managing your debts can often feel overwhelming. It’s easy to lose track of due dates, interest rates, and payment amounts. One of the primary advantag...If you live in London and are over 60 years old or have a disability, you may be eligible for a Freedom Pass. This pass provides free travel on public transport services across Lon...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like President Kennedy's New Frontier proposals for increased federal educational aid and medical assistance to the elderly, The industry that engaged in a bitter conflict with President Kennedy over price increases was, The fundamental military policy of the Kennedy administration was to and …May 16, 2023 · New Freedom Apush Definition. Mayor 16, 2023 bd calling. Question: Dr. Woodrow Wilson. ... Answer: Woodrow Wilson's program in her campaign for the presidency in 1912, the New Freedom emphasized business competition and small government. It sought to reign in federal management, release individual energization, and restore …Identity: People who believed that slavery was a part of the war. they were strong abolitionists and felt that slavery could not be ignored. Their beliefs were eventually shared by many as slavery did become involved with the politics of the war. Emancipation Proclamation. Politics: Issued by Lincoln on Jan 1, 1863.Mar 25, 2021 ... ... New York and the Pentagon. In response Bush led Americans into the War on Terror in Afghanistan, and then into the second Iraq War in order ...APUSH Virginia Dynasty. 21 terms. colleenschweninger. Preview. Ceglia Quiz 5.17.22. 25 terms. Sharon_Okojie. Preview. Exam 1 - Chap 16 & 17 (HIST 2763) 65 terms. Romey_Yarbrough. Preview. FCLE-Declaration of Independence. ... New systems of transportation integrated farming into national markets.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What party was the New Freedom program associated with?, Whose plan was the New Freedom program?, What did the New Freedom program call for (4)? and more. New immigrants. Americans who entered the US coming from Southern and Eastern Europe. Booker T. Washington. urged blacks to adjust to segregation and abandon agitation, former slave, believed that obtaining jobs was more important than rights of citizenship, head of the Tuskegee Institute ... APUSH Chapter 17 Vocab (Freedom's …Of the 7.7 million Africans transported to the New World, over half arrived between 1700 to 1800. It was a regularized business by European merchants, African traders & American planters to secure profits. The slave trade was vital to world commerce. APUSH Chapter 30 Key Terms. 34 terms. andypatel211. Preview. World war 1. 25 terms. rueril19. Preview. APUSH CH 31. 11 terms. samsummers. Preview. Chapter 30 APUSH Flashcards. 25 terms. sammyslater. Preview. 9-10 History quiz 9. ... New Freedom. Woodrow Wilson's program in his campaign for the presidency in 1912, the New …Freedom of expression is important for democracy, because it enables the public to participate in making decisions based on the free flow of information and ideas. Without it, peop...APUSH Chapter 30 Key Terms. 34 terms. andypatel211. Preview. World war 1. 25 terms. rueril19. Preview. APUSH CH 31. 11 terms. samsummers. Preview. Chapter 30 APUSH Flashcards. 25 terms. sammyslater. Preview. 9-10 History quiz 9. ... New Freedom. Woodrow Wilson's program in his campaign for the presidency in 1912, the New …Emancipation: promise and poverty. For African Americans in the South, life after slavery was a world transformed. Gone were the brutalities and indignities of slave life, the whippings and sexual assaults, the selling and forcible relocation of family members, the denial of education, wages, legal marriage, homeownership, and more. Freedom Rides - APUSH ... Freedom RidesProvision made during 1861-1865 in the South that exempted white men from serving in army if they owned twenty or more slaves. "A rich man's war and a poor man's fight." Gettysburg Address. Lincoln spoke of a "new birth of freedom for the nation". Jefferson Davis. Key Concept 2.1: Europeans developed a variety of colonization and migration patterns, influenced by different imperial goals, cultures and the varied North American environments where they settled, and they competed with each other and American Indians for Resources. I. Spanish, French, Dutch, and British colonizers had different economic and ...Are you ready to explore the country in style? The Coachmen RV Freedom Express is the perfect vehicle for your next adventure. With its sleek design, comfortable interior, and reli...New Freedom: 1912–1916. The election to the Presidency gave Wilson an opportunity no Democrat in the previous fifty years had been given. A huge majority of voters in the Electoral College had given him their votes and, with them, a mandate from the people to reform government. Armed with support from the Democratic Party, the bipartisan ...Abigail Adams. Born in Mass. in 1744 and one of the revolutionary era's most articulate and influential women (self taught/educated) One of John's key advisors once president. Abigail's Famous Letter. Wrote letter to her husband commending indirectly on the evils of slavery and women inequality- "remember the ladies". The Dream of Equality.Key Concept 2.1: Europeans developed a variety of colonization and migration patterns, influenced by different imperial goals, cultures and the varied North American environments where they settled, and they competed with each other and American Indians for Resources. I. Spanish, French, Dutch, and British colonizers had different economic and ...In recent years, there has been a significant rise in the number of professionals opting for remote work opportunities. One such field that has seen a surge in remote job opportuni...In early 1914, Wilson completed his New Freedom agenda with the passage of the Clayton Antitrust Act. This law expanded the power of the original Sherman Antitrust Act in order to allow the investigation and dismantling of more monopolies. It also specifically regulated mergers and price discrimination and protected labor’s access to ... Feb 10, 2024 · The Albany Plan of Union was a proposal written by Benjamin Franklin and introduced during the Albany Congress, which was held in Albany, New York in 1754. Prior to the Albany Congress, Franklin wrote down his ideas for a union of the colonies, which he called “Short Hints.”. Colonial leaders, under instructions from Great Britain, met with ...New Freedom was a progressive movement in U.S. history, led by Woodrow Wilson, that advocated for tariff reform, banking regulations, antitrust legislation, and social justice. It …APUSH Ch. 29. 5.0 (4 reviews) New Freedom. Click the card to flip 👆. Platform of reforms advocated by W. Wilson in his first presidential campaign, including stronger anti-trust legislation to protect small business enterprises from the monopolies, banking reform, and tariff reductions. Wilson's strategy involved taking action o increase ... New Freedom was a progressive movement in U.S. history, led by Woodrow Wilson, that advocated for tariff reform, banking regulations, antitrust legislation, and social justice. It …APUSH- Chapter 22: Fighting for the Four Freedoms, WWII. Beliefs: Spoken by FDR in 1941, the four freedoms were freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. This became the motto for America as it fought in world war II, even though it was not fully true for the American lifestyle. In this election, the Democrats nominated Woodrow Wilson, giving him a strong progressive platform called the "New Freedom" program. The Republicans were split between Taft and Roosevelt's Bull Moose Party with its "New Nationalism" program. By the division of the Republican Party, a Democratic victory was ensured. Woodrow Wilson won.... APUSH test. ... “It was in suburbs such as Garden Grove, Orange County [California] . . . that small groups of middle-class men and women met in their new tract ...Wilson set forth a program called the New Freedom. It emphasized: business competition and small government. reining in federal authority. echoed the Progressive party’s social …an international crisis in October 1962, the closest approach to nuclear war at any time between the U.S. and the USSR. When the U.S. discovered Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuba, President John F. Kennedy demanded their removal and announced a naval blockade of the island; the Soviet leader Khrushchev acceded to the U.S. demands a …Passed in 1906, the first law to regulate manufacturing of food and medicines; prohibited dangerous additives and required labeling. A system of standardized mass production (assembly line) attributed to Henry Ford which embodied the consumer society. Union leader who worked to end child labor and pushed for mandatory public education for ... The Great Awakening was an outburst of Protestant Revivalism in the eighteenth century. The beliefs of the New Lights of the First Great Awakening competed with the more conservative religion of the first colonists, who were known as Old Lights. The religious fervor in Great Britain and her North American colonies bound the eighteenth-century ...Group within the Republican Party in the 1850s and 1860s that advocated strong resistance to the expansion of slavery, opposition to compromise with the South in the secession crisis of 1860-1861, emancipation and arming of black soldiers during the Civil War, and equal civil and political rights for blacks during Reconstruction.Flappers. carefree young women with short, "bobbed" hair, heavy makeup, and short skirts. The flapper symbolized the new "liberated" woman of the 1920s. Many people saw the bold, boyish look and shocking behavior of flappers as a sign of changing morals. Though hardly typical of American women, the flapper image reinforced the idea that women ...With the rise of cell phone plans that offer no contracts, consumers now have more freedom than ever before when it comes to choosing their mobile service provider. This flexibilit...Inspired by the American Revolution, the French people fought against the French monarchy to establish a democracy. The Revolution caused a series of European wars, most …Apr 6, 2013 ... A brief review of everything important about The Progressive Era that you need to know to succeed in APUSH. If you would like to download ...New England Colonies in the 17th Century (APUSH) Why was the Protestant Refomation ultimately important to the creation of America? Click the card to flip 👆. Calvinism drove the will of the Puritans, most of America was Protestant, Protestantism was a defining characteristic. Click the card to flip 👆.Jul 3, 2023 · Question: Dr. Woodrow Wilson Answer: democrat, progressive, president of Princeton, governor of NJ, “new freedom” platform Question: Progressive (“Bull Moose”) Party Answer: This political party was formed by T. Roosevelt in an attempt to advance progressive ideas and unseat President W.H. Taft iNew Freedom: Woodrow Wilson’s campaign platform for the 1912 election that called for regulating banks and big businesses, lowering tariffs to increase international trade, and …For those who are single and over the age of 50, life can be full of exciting possibilities. While it may seem daunting to start a new chapter in life, there are plenty of ways to ...Freedom of speech protects everyone from all walks of life to think and express themselves freely. In areas of the world where freedom of speech is not protected, citizens are afra...Freedom of speech protects everyone from all walks of life to think and express themselves freely. In areas of the world where freedom of speech is not protected, citizens are afra...The New Nationalism vs The New Freedom Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation I chose the set “The New Nationalism vs The New Freedom” which I will do an analysis in this essay. In the early two decades of the early twentieth century America’s political scene mostly focused on a growing American belief in the ideas if the progressive ...Passed in 1906, the first law to regulate manufacturing of food and medicines; prohibited dangerous additives and required labeling. A system of standardized mass production (assembly line) attributed to Henry Ford which embodied the consumer society. Union leader who worked to end child labor and pushed for mandatory public education for ... Apr 14, 2016 ... - Freedom of Speech not absolute if presents a “clear and present danger” ... New York Times v. United States (1971). - Prior Restraint only legal ...Feb 15, 2024 · Chapter 07 - Launching the New Republic, 1789-1800. Printer Friendly. Please find the Enduring Vision Chapter 7 outline attached below. Attachment. Size. Attachment. Size. Chapter 07 - Launching the New Republic, 1789-1800. 33.5 KB.chapter 6 apush cards. 55 terms. freshman232photos. Preview. Terms in this set (58) Positive Lasting effects of the Civil War: slavery is officially banned, secession was a dead issue, industrial growth, USA as a single nation, expansion of federal power. a former slave who has been released from slavery through legal means.Free-Response Questions. Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at ssd@info ... Foreign Miners Tax. One of the first acts of California state legislature was to pass this tax, which imposed a $20 a month tax on foreign miners. ATTEMPTED TO LIMIT MEXICAN AND CHINESE MINERS. 49ers. people who went to California during the gold rush of 1849. ESTABLISHED CLAIMS AND OVERWHELMED EXISTING GOVERNMENT. Las Casas. Freed his own Indian slaves and preached against the injustices of the Spanish rule; writing denounced Spain and insisted that Indians were rational beings not barbarians. Reforming the empire. Spain promulgated the new laws, commanding that Indians no longer be enslaved, and in 1550 Spain abolish the encombienda system.APUSH Chapter 30 Key Terms. 34 terms. andypatel211. Preview. World war 1. 25 terms. rueril19. Preview. APUSH CH 31. 11 terms. samsummers. Preview. Chapter 30 APUSH Flashcards. 25 terms. sammyslater. Preview. 9-10 History quiz 9. ... New Freedom. Woodrow Wilson's program in his campaign for the presidency in 1912, the New …In today’s fast-paced world, managing personal finances can often be a daunting task. However, with the advancements in technology, financial apps have become a game-changer when i...Lochner vs. New York. Supreme Court ruled that states could not restrict ordinary workers' hours because such a restriction would violate the Fourteenth Amendment (work is a libert that cannot be taken without due process) Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Ida Tarbell, muckrakers, Lincoln Steffens and more.Emancipation: promise and poverty. For African Americans in the South, life after slavery was a world transformed. Gone were the brutalities and indignities of slave life, the whippings and sexual assaults, the selling and forcible relocation of family members, the denial of education, wages, legal marriage, homeownership, and more. Sep 1, 2020 · Correct Answers: Servitude and freedom were mutually reinforced through the ideal of becoming a "servant to God."; Less a political or social status, and more a moral or spiritual condition. Incorrect Answers: Embraced religious toleration; Very similar to …Aug 7, 2016 · http://www.tomrichey.netWhen we were little, we were all told that the Pilgrims and other settlers in the Massachusetts Colony came to the New World for reli...An act passed under Wilson to attempt to tame trusts; it increased the amount of practices by trusts that are illegal and recognized labor unions as legal. It legalized the use of strikes by labor unions. Workingmen's Compensation Act of 1916. An act under Wilson that granted federal employees assistance during periods of instability.APUSH Virginia Dynasty. 21 terms. colleenschweninger. Preview. Ceglia Quiz 5.17.22. 25 terms. Sharon_Okojie. Preview. Exam 1 - Chap 16 & 17 (HIST 2763) 65 terms. Romey_Yarbrough. Preview. FCLE-Declaration of Independence. ... New systems of transportation integrated farming into national markets.E. B. Du Bois, "The Talented Tenth," 1903) Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The emergence of arguments that wealthy people had a moral obligation to help society, People debated the best means for expanding educational opportunities., Attempts to provide opportunities for people to fill their leisure time and more.Passed in 1906, the first law to regulate manufacturing of food and medicines; prohibited dangerous additives and required labeling. A system of standardized mass production (assembly line) attributed to Henry Ford which embodied the consumer society. Union leader who worked to end child labor and pushed for mandatory public education for ... Terms in this set (140) During the first two years of the war, Union forces were generally: more successful in the West than in the East. Lincoln was hesitant to support abolition early in the war because he: feared losing the support of the slaveholding border states within the Union. During the Civil War, the term 'contraband camps' referred ...4 days ago · New Nationalism was in direct contrast with Woodrow Wilson's policy of The New Freedom, which promoted antitrust modification, tariff reduction, and banking and currency reform. According to Lewis L. Gould, "The Progressive party did not go as far as the New Deal of Franklin D. Roosevelt would, but it represented a long step in that …
The New Freedom Experience. Our approach centers on compassionate, introspective, peer-driven support that empowers positive change. Those who come to New Freedom want a different lifestyle, free from judgment and stigma. We help our members find inner peace, remember their dreams, and set out on the path to their future. . Arm tattoos aztec
Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What party was the New Freedom program associated with?, Whose plan was the New Freedom program?, What did the New Freedom program call for (4)? and more. ... APUSH - Part 1. 33 terms. DanteZ_15. Period 7 Part 1 - APUSH - Part 2. 34 terms. DanteZ_15. Active Citizenship Test. 28 ...Wilson set forth a program called the New Freedom. It emphasized: business competition and small government. reining in federal authority. echoed the Progressive party’s social …Nov 19, 2018 · The most striking phrase of the address was Lincoln’s aspiration that, with slavery now in serious jeopardy, the nation could have “a new birth of freedom.”. Some might forget that this language was unmistakably referencing Christ’s words in John chapter 3, “Verily, verily, I say unto thee, except a man be born again, he cannot see ...Peace groups after World War I, 2. Women's International League of Peace and Freedom (WILPF), 3. The Rockefeller Foundation's anti-mosquito campaign and more. ... Apush 2. 58 terms. RemanK. Preview. APUSH ch 24. 38 terms. mlh2000. Preview. Mr. Vanalstyne. 20 terms. s28121317. ... and pledge to not establish new fortifications in their Pacific ...Aug 23, 2022 · Please enter something FIND ESSAY. APUSH | Chapter 14: A New Birth Of Freedom: The Civil War, 1861-1865. Aug 23rd, 2022Woodrow Wilson's program in his campaign for the presidency in 1912, the New Freedom emphasized business competition and small government. It sought to reign in federal authority, release individual energy, and restore competition. It echoed many of the progressive social-justice objectives while pushing for a free economy rather than a planned ... 2) group that distrusted big business and wanted government planners to run key parts of the economy 3) "New Freedom" adherents of Wilson = trust busting and regulation to keep competition fair. 4) Roosevelt panic. 5) Big stick. 6) Chose Taft to be successor but ended up hating him. Acts for Earth. - Desert Land Act of 1877: federal government ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like New technologies and manufacturing techniques helped focus the US economy on the production of consumer goods, contributing to improved standard of living, greater personal mobility, and better communication systems, By 1920, a majority of the US population lived in urban centers, …Immigration Laws of 1920s. - Emergency Quota Act of 1921: rescricted the number of immigrants from a country to 3% of total people from that country living in the US in 1910. o supported southern and eastern Europe. - National Origins Act of 1924: cut to 2% from 1890, hurts new immigrants. - end of unrestricted immigration. Freedom Rides - APUSH ... Freedom RidesJan 26, 2020 · This video analyzes Woodrow Wilson's 1912 campaign platform, New Freedom. If you would like the slides from the video click on the link below. https://docs.g... Under the direction of O. O. Howard. The Bureau agents were to establish schools, provide aid to the poor and aged, settle disputes betwee whites and blacks and among freedpeople, and secure for former slaves and whir Unionists equal treatment before the courts. The bureau lasted from 1865 to 1870. There were dewer than 1,000 agents in the south.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. Before he was elected president in 1912, Woodrow Wilson had been a. Presbyterian minister. b. state governor. c. successful businessman. d. Progressive Republican. e. United States Senator., 2. As governor of New Jersey, Woodrow Wilson established a record as a. mild conservative. b. reactionary. c. man who could readily work ... 4 days ago · New Nationalism was in direct contrast with Woodrow Wilson's policy of The New Freedom, which promoted antitrust modification, tariff reduction, and banking and currency reform. According to Lewis L. Gould, "The Progressive party did not go as far as the New Deal of Franklin D. Roosevelt would, but it represented a long step in that …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What party was the New Freedom program associated with?, Whose plan was the New Freedom program?, What did the New Freedom program call for (4)? and more. ... APUSH - Part 1. 33 terms. DanteZ_15. Period 7 Part 1 - APUSH - Part 2. 34 terms. DanteZ_15. Active Citizenship Test. 28 ...Oct 29, 2009 · Freedom Summer, also known as the the Mississippi Summer Project, was a 1964 voter registration drive sponsored by civil rights organizations. The Ku Klux Klan, police and state and local ...Emma Goldman (June 27 [O.S. June 15], 1869 - May 14, 1940) was an anarchist known for her political activism, writing, and speeches. She played a pivotal role in the development of anarchist political philosophy in North America and Europe in the first half of the 20th century. Margaret Higgins Sanger (born Margaret Louise Higgins, September 14 ....