Jaw thrust maneuver - The jaw thrust maneuver results in less motion at an unstable C1–C2 injury as compared with the head tilt–chin lift maneuver. We therefore recommend the use of the jaw thrust to improve airway patency in the trauma patient with suspected cervical spine injury. Previous article in issue; Next article in issue; Keywords.

 
About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright .... Sterling shores beach resort destin vacation rentals by vacasa

Mar 12, 2023 ... 599 Likes, TikTok video from The Medical Lounge (@themedical_lounge): “ How to perform the jaw thrust ✌️An alternative manual manoeuvre to ...This maneuver and the jaw-thrust maneuver are two of the main tools of basic airway management. When do you use the head tilt-chin lift 2 situations? The head tilt-chin lift and jaw-thrust methods are indicated for conscious and unconscious patients who do not have an adequate airway.Micrognathia is a term for a lower jaw that is smaller than normal. Micrognathia is a term for a lower jaw that is smaller than normal. In some cases, the jaw is small enough to in...If healthcare providers suspect a cervical spine injury, they should open the airway using a jaw thrust without head extension (Class IIb, LOE C 133). Because maintaining a patent airway and providing adequate ventilation …To use the jaw thrust maneuver , grip the angles of the mandible with both hands to pull the jaw forward. This motion frequently pulls the head into extension. If you’re using cervical precautions because of potential cervical spine injury, pull upward only on the jaw, keep the head and neck stable. Pressing on the bone 1-2 cm above the angle ...If you are unable to open an injured patient's airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver, you should: A. Suction the airway and reattempt the jaw-thrust maneuver. B. Make repeated attempts to perform the jaw-thrust maneuver. C. Carefully perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver. D. Perform a blind finger sweep of the patient's mouth Jaw thrust maneuver for endotracheal intubation using a fiberoptic stylet. 2000 Jun;90 (6):1457-8. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200006000-00044. PMID: 10825343. DOI: 10.1097/00000539-200006000-00044. Intubation, Intratracheal / instrumentation. Intubation, Intratracheal / methods*. Jaw / physiology*. Jaw thrust maneuver for endotracheal …Jaw thrust Anatomic restriction, various abnormalities, or considerations caused by trauma (eg, inadvisability of moving a possibly fractured neck) may obviate the operator’s ability to properly position the neck, but careful attention to optimal positioning when possible can maximize airway patency and improve bag-valve-mask ventilation and ... Micrognathia is a term for a lower jaw that is smaller than normal. Micrognathia is a term for a lower jaw that is smaller than normal. In some cases, the jaw is small enough to in...If time permits, one should carry out a brief airway assessment prior to undertaking definitive airway management in these patients. Simple techniques for establishing and maintaining airway patency include jaw thrust maneuver and/or use of oro- and nas-opharyngeal airways.Ventilate the patient as appropriate. Use a head tilt–chin lift or jaw-thrust maneuver How To Do Head Tilt–Chin Lift and Jaw-Thrust Maneuvers Part of pre-intubation and emergency rescue breathing procedures, the head tilt–chin lift maneuver and the jaw-thrust maneuver are 2 noninvasive, manual means to help restore upper airway patency... The jaw thrust maneuver should be used whenever there is an injury to the cervical spine that could be aggravated by the head-tilt chin-lift. You may not always be …To determine the impact of four maneuvers (Jaw Thrust, Chin Lift, Head Rotation, and Tongue Protrusion) on the degree of airway collapse at different airway …The effectiveness of the jaw thrust maneuver in multiple fractures, especially in communited mandible fracture is debatable. Apart from having only a finite potential to enhance the airway, the traction movements employed in this method further increases the likelihood of bleeding and associated damage.Jaw thrust Anatomic restriction, various abnormalities, or considerations caused by trauma (eg, inadvisability of moving a possibly fractured neck) may obviate the operator’s ability to properly position the neck, but careful attention to optimal positioning when possible can maximize airway patency and improve bag-valve-mask ventilation and ... Jaw thrust Anatomic restriction, various abnormalities, or considerations caused by trauma (eg, inadvisability of moving a possibly fractured neck) may obviate the operator’s ability to properly position the neck, but careful attention to optimal positioning when possible can maximize airway patency and improve bag-valve-mask ventilation and ... Jaw thrust. A maneuver used to open the airway of unconscious patients or of patients who cannot control their own airway, by jutting the patient’s jaw for ward, which in turn moves the tongue away from the back of the throat. This procedure is used especially in opening the airway of patients with suspected spinal injury, because the ...V. X. Y. Z. Cómo hacer procedimientos básicos de la vía aérea. Cómo inclinar la cabeza: maniobras de elevación del mentón y empuje de la mandíbula. Cómo hacer ventilación con máscara ambú. Cómo inclinar la cabeza: maniobras de elevación del mentón y empuje de la mandíbula. Cómo hacer la maniobra de Heimlich en el adulto o el ...Part of pre-intubation and emergency rescue breathing procedures, the head tilt–chin lift maneuver and the jaw-thrust maneuver are 2 noninvasive, manual means to help restore upper airway patency when the tongue occludes the glottis, which commonly occurs in an obtunded or unconscious patient. Namun, manuver jaw thrust lebih disukai pada pasien dengan dugaan cedera tulang belakang leher, karena menghindari gerakan atau manipulasi leher. Sebaliknya, teknik head chin tilt lift lebih sering digunakan pada pasien yang tidak sadar dan selama CPR. Kedua teknik tersebut relatif mudah dilakukan dan dapat dilakukan oleh siapa saja dengan ...Introduction: The first priority of the primary survey of trauma care is airway management. For patients who have a known or suspected cervical spine injury, using the jaw-thrust maneuver is critical. It was hypothesized that the jaw-thrust maneuver would ease the insertion of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) by moving the tongue forward from the …The two most common methods for opening the airway are the head-tilt/chin-lift and jaw-thrust maneuvers. While the head-tilt/chin-lift is the preferred method, it can be dangerous to use on a patient who may have a cervical spine injury. That's where the jaw-thrust maneuver comes in: it allows you to clear the tongue from the airway with ...Jaw thrust maneuver. The rescuer uses two or three fingers of each hand to lift the jaw upward and outward so that the lower central incisors are anterior to the upper central incisors. In children with traumatic injuries, the cervical spine must be maintained in a neutral position during this maneuver. Graphic 53277 Version 2.0. JAW-THRUST MANEUVER PLACE hands either side of lower jaw below the ears. REST elbows on the ground or floor. STABILIZE the casualty’s head with your forearms. OPEN the mouth and look for visible airway obstructions. REMOVE any if possible. 03,04 10 LOOK for the chest to rise and fall. LISTEN for air escaping during exhalation. 11 08If you’re trained in rescue breathing, use the jaw-thrust maneuver rather than the head-tilt chin-lift maneuver to keep the neck in a neutral position. If the patient is unconscious but breathing , place both hands on either side of their head to keep it steady until medical help arrives.jaw thrust: ( jaw thrŭst ) An atypical pattern seen when there is a strong, sudden downward extension of the lower jaw elicited when the bottle, breast, cup, or spoon is presented or when communication is attempted. It can be accompanied by an overall increase in extensor muscle tone throughout the body. This response can result in food loss ...Jaw thrust maneuver. The rescuer uses two or three fingers of each hand to lift the jaw upward and outward so that the lower central incisors are anterior to the upper central incisors. In children with traumatic injuries, the cervical spine must be maintained in a neutral position during this maneuver. Graphic 53277 Version 2.0. Jaw thrust acts to lift the tongue off the back of the pharynx and so clear the airway. This technique may be easier if the rescuer's elbows are resting on the ...Objective: A prospective study was carried out to find the exact site of obstruction in sleep model and to quantitatively evaluate the effect of Jaw-thrust maneuver (JTM) in opening the obstructed airway using flexible fiberoptic endoscope.Methods: Twenty-eight ASA physical status I or II patients with snoring symptom undergoing …About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ...Then chin lift was done with one hand without making the mandible protrude. The upper and lower molars contacted lightly, and the lip remained open under the neutral neck position and chin lift maneuver. Jaw thrust was applied with both hands, displacing the jaw upwards and anteriorly with the mouth open (Esmarch maneuver).BMV can be a difficult technique to master, and as such, should be practiced regularly with an expert mentor. A head tilt-chin lift or jaw thrust maneuver during BMV will improve gas exchange. As noted previously, only the jaw thrust maneuver should be performed, and forgo head tilt-chin lift if initial assessment indicates cervical spine injury.Part of pre-intubation and emergency rescue breathing procedures, the head tilt–chin lift maneuver and the jaw-thrust maneuver are 2 noninvasive, manual means to help restore upper airway patency when the tongue occludes the glottis, which commonly occurs in an obtunded or unconscious patient.Objective In this study, we aimed to assess the feasibility of fiberoptic intubation (FOI), using a new, self-designed, “tongue root holder” device, in combination with the jaw thrust maneuver ...This maneuver and the jaw-thrust maneuver are two of the main tools of basic airway management. When do you use the head tilt-chin lift 2 situations? The head tilt-chin lift and jaw-thrust methods are indicated for conscious and unconscious patients who do not have an adequate airway.If healthcare providers suspect a cervical spine injury, they should open the airway using a jaw thrust without head extension (Class IIb, LOE C 133). Because maintaining a patent airway and providing adequate ventilation …If you are unable to open an injured patient's airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver, you should: A. Suction the airway and reattempt the jaw-thrust maneuver. B. Make repeated attempts to perform the jaw-thrust maneuver. C. Carefully perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver. D. Perform a blind finger sweep of the patient's mouth Try a better configured sniffing position, a chin-to chest position, jaw thrust, or chin-lift maneuvers. Do the up-down maneuver. Withdraw the LMA 5 to 6 cm, without deflating the cuff, and then reinsert it to release an epiglottis trapped under the cuff or inside the mask.The procedure of the jaw-thrust maneuver in first aid helps in preventing the tongue of a patient from causing obstruction to their upper airways. By knowing how to …A three jaw chuck is used to hold a part on a lathe for round work. This part is notable for its protruding grip design that allows it to be used for expanded work.Introduction: The first priority of the primary survey of trauma care is airway management. For patients who have a known or suspected cervical spine injury, using the jaw-thrust maneuver is critical. It was hypothesized that the jaw-thrust maneuver would ease the insertion of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) by moving the tongue forward from the …The jaw-thrust maneuver is a first aid and medical procedure used to prevent the tongue from obstructing the upper airways. This maneuver and the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver are two of the main tools of basic airway management, and they are often used in conjunction with other basic airway techniques including bag-valve-mask ventilation. The jaw-thrust …Zuckerberg's attempt to steer the regulation debate on his company satisfied pre-market players....FB This isn't an April Fool's joke. Facebook (FB) front man Mark Zuckerberg i...Chin lift and jaw thrust are two common maneuvers used to improve the patency of the upper airway during general anesthesia. We investigated the effect of these maneuvers combined with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on the size of glottic opening and on stridor score. Forty children, aged 2–9 yr, premedicated with midazolam and ...Nov 18, 2010 · The jaw-thrust maneuver, which is taught as part of basic life support and anesthesiology, improves the patency of the upper airway. It consists of grasping and lifting the angles of the lower jaw ... The Jaw Thrust Maneuver is a vital first aid technique used to secure and maintain an open airway in an unconscious patient while minimizing the risk of …Oct 15, 2022 · Pada pasien yang dicurigai cidera servikal, Teknik yang digunakan adalah jaw thrust. Jaw thrust merupakan metode yang efisien dan dapat dilakukan pada kasus cidera servikal. Namun teknik ini memiliki kekurangan karena mendorong rahang pasien terus menerus sampai pasien sadar adalah secara fisik berat bagi penolong (Verma, 2013). How To Do Head Tilt–Chin Lift and Jaw-Thrust Maneuvers Airway Establishment and Control. Brought to you by Merck & Co, Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (known as MSD outside the US and Canada)—dedicated to using leading-edge science to save and improve lives around the world.Unlike the head tilt-chin lift, the jaw thrust maneuver doesn't involve tilting the head backward. Instead, it relies on gently lifting the jaw forward without moving the head or neck, ensuring the airway remains open while prioritizing the safety of the cervical spine. ‍ Common Concerns and Misconceptions about Head Tilt Chin Lift TechniqueMar 12, 2023 ... 599 Likes, TikTok video from The Medical Lounge (@themedical_lounge): “ How to perform the jaw thrust ✌️An alternative manual manoeuvre to ...Jaw-Thrust Maneuver. The jaw-thrust without head tilt maneuver for airway opening should be taught to both lay rescuers and healthcare providers. Place one hand on each side of the victim’s head, resting your …Jul 26, 2019 ... The jaw-thrust maneuver is used to prevent the tongue from obstructing the upper airway. This maneuver and the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver are ...It was hypothesized that the jaw-thrust maneuver would ease the insertion of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) by moving the tongue forward from the palate and posterior pharyngeal wall. Study objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of jaw-thrust maneuver on LMA insertion times of the paramedics with or without chest ... Jaw-Thrust Maneuver Acute Neck Pain. First, check ABCDEs and determine if lifesaving maneuvers are needed. If patient is in stable... Trauma and Burn Management. The …BMV can be a difficult technique to master, and as such, should be practiced regularly with an expert mentor. A head tilt-chin lift or jaw thrust maneuver during BMV will improve gas exchange. As noted previously, only the jaw thrust maneuver should be performed, and forgo head tilt-chin lift if initial assessment indicates cervical spine injury.Jaw thrust maneuverThe head-tilt with chin-lift maneuver and the jaw-thrust maneuver are two of the main tools of basic airway management. Tilting the head or otherwise moving the …Traveling abroad comes with plenty of excitement, but it can also be confusing and intimidating. Maneuvering through a foreign culture with different languages and customs is both ...Age < 1 year is a contraindication to the Heimlich maneuver (see How to Treat the Choking Conscious Infant How To Treat the Choking Conscious Infant Choking in an infant is usually caused by a small object the baby has placed in its mouth (eg, food, toy, button, coin, or balloon). If the airway obstruction is severe, then back blows followed...Basic techniques such as the head-tilt-chin-lift maneuver, jaw thrust maneuver, or insertion of an oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway may be sufficient to improve the patient’s condition until good access is possible. Second-generation supraglottic airway devices have become more widely available over the last decade and may …Namun, manuver jaw thrust lebih disukai pada pasien dengan dugaan cedera tulang belakang leher, karena menghindari gerakan atau manipulasi leher. Sebaliknya, teknik head chin tilt lift lebih sering digunakan pada pasien yang tidak sadar dan selama CPR. Kedua teknik tersebut relatif mudah dilakukan dan dapat dilakukan oleh siapa saja dengan ...If you’re trained in rescue breathing, use the jaw-thrust maneuver rather than the head-tilt chin-lift maneuver to keep the neck in a neutral position. If the patient is unconscious but breathing , place both hands on either side of their head to keep it steady until medical help arrives.Try a better configured sniffing position, a chin-to chest position, jaw thrust, or chin-lift maneuvers. Do the up-down maneuver. Withdraw the LMA 5 to 6 cm, without deflating the cuff, and then reinsert it to release an epiglottis trapped under the cuff or inside the mask.Clean floors can go a long way in helping your whole house look cleaner. If you have a good vacuum cleaner, it can help you keep your floors free of dirt and dust. Canister vacuums...Research shows that the jaw thrust can be used to effectively open the airway, but it must be done properly. The Jaw Thrust Maneuver alone significantly relieved the obstruction at the tongue base and epiglottis levels and increased the retroglossal airway. Lokman U, et al. Effectiveness of the Jaw-Thrust Maneuver in Opening the Airway: A ...Carefully reach forward ans place one hand on each side of the patient's lower jaw, at the angles of the jaw below the ears. 4th step Stabilize the patient's head with your forearms Jaw thrust. A maneuver used to open the airway of unconscious patients or of patients who cannot control their own airway, by jutting the patient’s jaw for ward, which in turn moves the tongue away from the back of the throat. This procedure is used especially in opening the airway of patients with suspected spinal injury, because the ...The jaw-thrust maneuver is an effective airway technique, particularly in the patient in whom cervical spine injury is a concern. It is easiest when the patient is positioned supine . The practitioner places their index and middle fingers behind the angle of the mandible to physically push the posterior aspects of the mandible upwards while their thumbs push …ภาพที่ 3 head tilt chin lift. ในกรณีที่มีกระดูกสันหลังส่วนคอหัก หรือในรายที่สงสัย ควรใช้วิธี "jaw thrust maneuver" โดยการดึงขากรรไกรทั้ง ...Research shows that the jaw thrust can be used to effectively open the airway, but it must be done properly. The Jaw Thrust Maneuver alone significantly relieved the obstruction at the tongue base and epiglottis levels and increased the retroglossal airway. Lokman U, et al. Effectiveness of the Jaw-Thrust Maneuver in Opening the Airway: A ...The jaw thrust maneuver more directly lifts the hyoid bone and tongue away from the posterior pharyngeal wall by subluxating the mandible forward onto the sliding part of the …Jaw thrust maneuver. The rescuer uses two or three fingers of each hand to lift the jaw upward and outward so that the lower central incisors are anterior to the upper central incisors. In children with traumatic injuries, the cervical spine must be maintained in a neutral position during this maneuver. Graphic 53277 Version 2.0.The jaw-thrust maneuver is a first aid and medical procedure used to prevent the tongue from obstructing the upper airways. This maneuver and the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver are two of the main tools of basic airway management, and they are often used in conjunction with other basic airway techniques including bag-valve-mask ventilation.Figure 15-5 The triple airway maneuver includes the head tilt-chin lift, jaw thrust, and open mouth. A, Diagrams show three methods of performing the maneuver: (1) the head extended on the atlanto-occipital joint, (2) the mouth opened to take the teeth out of occlusion, and (3) the mandible lifted upward, forcing the mandibular condyles …The Jaw Thrust Maneuver is especially important in scenarios where there's a concern about possible neck or spine injuries, as it minimizes movement in those areas.Triple airway manoeuvre. February, 2021. Basic airway management is a fundamental skill required of all clinicians. It forms the basis of emergency airway management and is a cornerstone skill from which advanced airway procedures progress. The triple airway manoeuvre is used to maintain and combines head tilt, jaw thrust and mouth.Zero turn mowers are a great way to get your lawn looking its best. They are easy to maneuver and can make quick work of cutting your grass. But with so many different models and b...The Jaw-Thrust Maneuver. In unconscious patients, including those under general anesthesia, the posterior displacement of the tongue against the pharyngeal wall, soft …Part of pre-intubation and emergency rescue breathing procedures, the head tilt–chin lift maneuver and the jaw-thrust maneuver are 2 noninvasive, manual means to help restore upper airway patency when the tongue occludes the glottis, which commonly occurs in an obtunded or unconscious patient. Dec 30, 2014 ... Airway obstruction did not extend to the same pattern by modified jaw thrust maneuver. Modified jaw thrust maneuver under DISE is a useful ...Difficult economic times often result in high foreclosure rates within a stricken area or across the country. Many home owners, who may be struggling to keep up with mortgage payme...

Jaw thrust maneuver for endotracheal intubation using a fiberoptic stylet. 2000 Jun;90 (6):1457-8. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200006000-00044. PMID: 10825343. DOI: 10.1097/00000539-200006000-00044. Intubation, Intratracheal / instrumentation. Intubation, Intratracheal / methods*. Jaw / physiology*. Jaw thrust maneuver for endotracheal …. Hd movie download

jaw thrust maneuver

Part of pre-intubation and emergency rescue breathing procedures, the head tilt–chin lift maneuver and the jaw-thrust maneuver are 2 noninvasive, manual means to help restore upper airway patency when the tongue occludes the glottis, which commonly occurs in an obtunded or unconscious patient. Avoid moving the neck and use only the jaw-thrust maneuver or chin lift without head tilt to manually facilitate opening of the upper airway. Head and neck positioning to open the airway: Sniffing position. A: The head is flat on the stretcher; the airway is constricted. B: The ear and sternal notch are aligned, with the face parallel to the ...May 20, 2013 · Visit http://www.ProTrainings.com=====For more videos like this or to get CPR Certified please visit https://www.procpr.orgProTrainings offers a varie... Are you considering a bathroom remodel? Perhaps you’re looking for inspiration and ideas to transform your outdated bathroom into a stunning oasis. Look no further. In this article...Jaw thrust Anatomic restriction, various abnormalities, or considerations caused by trauma (eg, inadvisability of moving a possibly fractured neck) may obviate the operator’s ability to properly position the neck, but careful attention to optimal positioning when possible can maximize airway patency and improve bag-valve-mask ventilation and laryngoscopy.Figure 1: Fiberoptic view during a Macintosh laryngoscopy (A) and during the jaw thrust maneuver (B) in a patient with difficult intubation. The fiberscope was nasally inserted into the laryngopharynx. The laryngoscope (L) can not lift the epiglottis (E), and there is no distance between the epiglottis and the posterior pharyngeal wall.Sep 24, 2016 · Contact me at [email protected] me at [email protected] my website http://www.ems-education.orgFollow me on Instagram http://www.... Part of pre-intubation and emergency rescue breathing procedures, the head tilt–chin lift maneuver and the jaw-thrust maneuver are 2 noninvasive, manual means to help restore upper airway patency when the tongue occludes the glottis, which commonly occurs in an obtunded or unconscious patient.jaw-thrust maneuver: Emergency medicine A jaw displacement maneuver used in 'rescue breathing,' required for mouth-to-mouth and mouth-to-nose resuscitation. See Rescue breathing . Cf Head-tilt/Chin-lift maneuver .The jaw-thrust maneuver is an alternative for these patients. Once properly positioned, effective breaths must be delivered mouth-to-mouth or via BVM ventilation. If difficulties are encountered in delivering breaths, airway adjuncts like an oral pharyngeal airway (OPA) device or nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) may be used to keep the airway …Jun 1, 2014 · When performing a jaw-thrust maneuver, the clinician stands behind the head of the patient, places the fingers of both hands on the left and right sides under the angles of the mandible, and applies forward and upward pressure . As with the head tilt/chin lift, the jaw-thrust maneuver displaces the tongue from the posterior pharynx, but does so ... A three jaw chuck is used to hold a part on a lathe for round work. This part is notable for its protruding grip design that allows it to be used for expanded work.The jaw-thrust maneuver is a noninvasive, manual means to help restore upper airway patency in patients with apnea or severe ventilatory failure. It involves manually …About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ...Dec 21, 2011 · About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ... The “jaw thrust” maneuver rather than the “BURP” maneuver improves the glottic view for Pentax-AWS assisted tracheal intubation in a patient with a laryngeal aperture. Can J Anaesth 2010; 57: 517–518. DOI: 10.1007/s12630-010 …Dec 26, 2022 · 2. Jaw thrust maneuver. Cara lain yang bisa dilakukan sebagai pertolongan pertama untuk mengatasi tongue swallowing adalah dengan jaw thrust maneuver. Cara ini bisa membuka jalan napas pada orang yang kehilangan kesadaran dan dicurigai mengalami trauma di bagian kepala, leher, atau tulang belakang. Untuk melakukannya, letakkan tangan pada ... Try a better configured sniffing position, a chin-to chest position, jaw thrust, or chin-lift maneuvers. Do the up-down maneuver. Withdraw the LMA 5 to 6 cm, without deflating the cuff, and then reinsert it to release an epiglottis trapped under the cuff or inside the mask.Part of pre-intubation and emergency rescue breathing procedures, the head tilt–chin lift maneuver and the jaw-thrust maneuver are 2 noninvasive, manual means to help restore upper airway patency when the tongue occludes the glottis, which commonly occurs in an obtunded or unconscious patient.Aug 10, 2017 · About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ... .

Popular Topics